职称英语备考：概括大意Eye Problems
Eye Problems
视力问题
1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts (白内障).
电脑化办公，看电视，夜间驾驶甚至阳光都让我们的眼睛操劳过度。我们的眼睛面临着很大压力。阳光，尤其是夏天的阳光，被认为是白内障的诱因之一。
2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线) are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.
臭氧层变薄意味着更多的短波紫外线到达地球，这些紫外线是使眼内晶状体模糊的头号风险因素。紫外线会增加角膜病变的风险，使视力模糊，最终导致白内障。这些射线只能用防紫外镜片隔离。然而流行的太阳镜不能给我们的眼睛提供足够保护。
3 "Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. Mireille Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.
参与了最近的研究的MB医生表示，夜视能力降低和眼疲劳越来越普遍。40岁以上的人眼部有小问题的大幅上升。MB医生说每只眼睛由六块肌肉控制，这些肌肉每天要做超过十万次以上的运动。所以每个人都应该学着锻炼眼部肌肉，并且让它们休息。
4 It was traditionally thought that near- or far-sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.
传统上认为近/远视是遗传病，不会受到环境影响。但是新的研究正在挑战这种假说。
5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.
最近的研究表明在美国和西欧多达80%的小学生有近视问题。研究者表示，多年的近距离的.、二维的课业使绝大多数孩子在10岁之前至少是轻度近视。
6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen.
夜视的问题也困扰着将近25%的人。由于电脑的使用，这一数字还在继续增加。使用电脑屏幕意味着眼睛必须在电磁场里工作，这使得眼睛更加吃力。据估计，25%到30%的人有眼部疾病，例如由于长时间盯着屏幕导致的夜间视物困难。
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