- 相关推荐
2016年职称英语备考语法
一、2016年职称英语备考基本句型:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1)系动词一般为be 动词。
注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow,keep, seem, stand等词可以作"半系动词"用,按行为动词方式变化,起系动词的作用。
例如:
—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词)
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白,感到不舒服?—— look/ feel为系动词) 一般来说,动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词,该动词为系动词,如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastesdelicious. / It is getting dark.
2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型:there是引导词,不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。
注意难点:
There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够)
错:There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问,中国已消灭天花。)
错:It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分证据表明,爱滋病正在亚洲迅速蔓延。——同位语从句)
错:It is evidence thatAIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以: It is evidentthat AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主语从句)
二、2016年职称英语语法之基本句型:主语 + 不及物动词(+其他成分)
在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分
不及物动词 | 及物动词 |
rise /rose / risen(升起) | raise/raised / raised(提高) |
arise / arose /arisen(from)(产生) | arouse / aroused / aroused(唤起) |
lie / lay / lain(躺下) | lay /laid / laid(放下) |
arrive(到达) | reach(到达) |
wait(等待) | await(等待) |
remain(仍旧) | maintain(保持,维修) |
上面所注仅为典型词义,要根据句子判别其他意思。
例句:
1)He arrived.(他到了。)
2)She is waiting for her mother to the supermarket.(她在等妈妈去超市。)【这里的wait为不及物动词,因此如果wait后面要接名词或代词,需要借助介词for.】
此外,该句型常采用倒装形式,注意辨别,主要是以下两种情况:
1)用here 或 there引导:Here comes the bus. (汽车来了。)/ There rings the bell. (铃响了。)
2)在动词 + 介词短语的结构中,往往将介词短语提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.(山顶上有一座漂亮的小房子。)
三、2016年职称英语语法之基本句型:主语+及物动词+宾语
名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语。
作主语时:
Learning a foreign language is not easy.(学门外语并不容易。)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.(= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.)
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样"随心所欲"了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:
1)acknowledge/admit /appreciate /avoid /consider /contemplate /defer /deny /dislike/enjoy /escape /evade /excuse /facilitate /fancy /favor /feel like /finish /give up /cannot help /cannot stand /imagine /include /keep (on) /do notmind /miss /permit /practice /regret /resent /risk /suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些词的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请考生自己查字典解决。
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
It is impossible toavoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A.being much affected
B.having much affected
C.to be much affected
D.to have been much affected
解题思路:一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; affect意为"影响",及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有"主动语态"和"被动语态"之分,一般选"被动语态"的正确率高些。
2)remember /forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一样:to do表示说话时还没有发生的事,-ing表示对已经发生过的事的回忆,如:"我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。"显然是指出门时还没有做的事,因此用to do形式;"我不记得以前见过你。"显然是指说话以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即:
I forgot to closethe windows when I left home yesterday.
I don't rememberseeing you before.
因此,除了知道这个规定外,分清"发生过"还是"没有发生"是解题的关键。
实例:
Do you remember______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?
A.to have beenintroduced
B.havingintroduced
C.being introduced
D.to be introduced
解题思路:第一步要确定"发生过"还是"没有发生",即A、D还是B、C,"你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗?"显然是已发生的事,选B、C;"introduce"(介绍)后没有宾语,说明是"被动语态:,故选C [再看一下上一节中的"解题思路"]
3)need /want/require等解释为"需要"时,有两种表达方式,如:
这间会客室需要打扫一下。
A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned.(to 被动式)
B.This waiting room needs cleaning.(-ing主动式)
考试时若同时出现两种选择,选B
4)look forward to /object to /subject to /be subjected to /be opposed to /oppose to中的"to" 是介词,后面应跟名词或动名词-ing。
四、2016年职称英语语法之基本句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
有些动词(主要是“授予动词”)后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give,write,buy,send,make等
You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
这个句子也可使用以下结构:
You may send an E-mail (to him)or write a letter to him. 所以 “to” 和“for” 是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。
该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,特别是所用的介词:
to cure … of(治愈…)
to accuse …of(谴责…)
to convince… of(说服…)
to inform… of(通知…)
to notify… of (通知…)
to clean… of (清除…)
to warn…… of /against (警告…)
to cheat… of(欺骗)
to rob… of(抢劫…)
例如:
We have to inform the family of the patient's condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patient's condition?(我们得尽快将病人的病情通知其家属。/ 已经将病人的病情通知其家人了吗?)
注意下面句子的结构变化:
May I ask you a question?→ May I ask a question of you?
直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同?
五、2016年职称英语语法之基本句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
1)要不要 “to”的问题:
The director wants you to come right now.(主任要你马上就来。)
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 “to”连接。但是,以下情况例外:
make,let,have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
I won't have him cheat me.(否定式,表示“容许”:我决不容许他欺骗我)
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加“to”,如:
The nurse made the patient eat something.(护士让病人吃了点东西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.(他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
记住下面重要表达方式:
to have / get (something) done,如:
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
see,hear,notice,observe,watch,look at,listen to 等感觉动词:
使用原则与上述大致相同。
2)要不要 “it”的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit.(有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult.括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear.括号部分(句子) 为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
归纳:
n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是“动词不定式”或“句子”时,要用it(不是this,that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n 考试时,判断要不要“it”,主要看句子后面有没有“动词不定式”或“句子”,若有,要选 “it”
n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible,impossible,difficult,easy,clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在“it”的使用问题,对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.(超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
A.it possible
B.possible
C.it is
D.it
该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
宾语补足语
3)记住以下短语:
to take…as(把…当作…)
to think of…as(把…看作…)
to regard…as(把…看作…)
to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
【职称英语备考语法】相关文章:
职称英语备考语法分析02-28
高考英语动词复习备考语法大全02-27
职称英语重点语法:被动语态02-28
SAT语法备考攻略05-16
GMAT语法考试备考攻略07-09
职称英语考试备考的技巧最新02-07
职称英语综合类语法辅导之副词01-22
GMAT语法考试备考原则介绍07-30
SAT语法备考要背书吗12-26
职称英语语法提高七大捷径08-03