考研英语核心语法总结

时间：2025-01-08 16:19:59 海洁考研英语我要投稿

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考研英语核心语法总结

　　总结是对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况进行分析研究的书面材料，它能帮我们理顺知识结构，突出重点，突破难点，让我们来为自己写一份总结吧。那么总结有什么格式呢？下面是小编为大家整理的考研英语核心语法总结，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

考研英语核心语法总结

　　一、非谓语动词(V+ing, V+ed)

　　1、动名词

　　（1）作主语和宾语

　　[例句] Saying is easier than doing.

　　[译文] 说比做容易。

　　（2）作介词宾语

　　[例句] We get pleasure from loving and being loved.

　　[译文] 我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。

　　2、分词作定语

　　（1）前置

　　[例句] The beginning student should be given more encouragement.

　　[译文] 初学者应多给予鼓励。

　　[例句] A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.

　　[译文] 均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。

　　（2）后置

　　[例句] Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.

　　[译文] 靠山吃山。

　　[例句] Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.

　　[译文] 小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。

　　3、分词作状语

　　[例句] Hearing the news, they immediately set offfor Shanghai.

　　[译文] 听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。

　　[例句] Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.

　　[译文] 从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。

　　[例句] Printed white, the house looks bigger.

　　[译文] 漆成白色后，这房子像是更大了。

　　[例句] Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while.

　　[译文] 写完一封重要的信之后，我听了一会儿音乐。

　　4、独立主格结构

　　[例句] Mary coming back, they discussed it together.

　　[例句] When mary came back, they discussed it together.

　　[译文] 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。

　　[例句] Health and persistence given, one can dogreat things.

　　[例句] If health and persistence are given, one can dogreat things.

　　[译文] 有健康的身体和顽强的毅力的话，一个人才能做出伟大的事情。

　　[例句] The moon having risen, they took a walk inthe fields.

　　[例句] When the moon had risen, they took a walk inthe fields.

　　[译文] 月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。

　　[例句] So much time having been spent, the work isonly half done.

　　[例句] Though so much time has been spent, the work isonly half done.

　　[译文] 虽然花了这么多时间，这项工作才做了一半。

　　二、定语从句

　　同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　[例句] He has one sister who is working in the city.

　　[例句] He has one sister, who is working in the city.

　　[例句] The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.

　　[译文] 他提出的建议将在会上讨论。

　　[例句] The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed atthe meeting.

　　[译文] 我们应当从国外进口更多设备这个建议将在会上讨论。

　　[例句] Part of the fame of Allen’s book is itscontention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”

　　[译文] 爱伦的书之所以出名，部分原因是因为它辩论的观点，即： “环境并未造就人，而是揭示了人的本性。

　　三、名词性从句

　　[例句] He ate what he paid for.

　　[例句] He ate the food that he paid for.

　　[译文] 他吃他买的东西。

　　[例句] The question is how we can get the loan.

　　[译文] 问题是如何获得贷款。

　　[例句] He told them who he was and what he haddone in the past.

　　[例句] In general, the tests work mosteffectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined andleast effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.

　　[译文] 一般来说，当所需测定的性质能够精确定义时，测试最为有效；而当所需测定或预测的对象不能明确定义时，测试效果最差。

　　[例句] The Greeks assumed that the structure oflanguage had some connection with the process of thought, which took root inEurope long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

　　[译文] 希腊人认为本语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系，这种观点早在人们意识到语言的千差万别之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。

　　[例句] A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to getthe “right” answers.

　　[译文] 在谷歌上进行一次搜索便会产生0.2到7.0克的二氧化碳，具体数值取决于人们得到“正确”答案所需的查询次数。

　　考研英语语法形式错误及纠错分析

　　1.破句

　　破句又称为“片语”，也是写作中经常出现的错误之一。简单地说，破句就是断句，它在语义上是不完整的、在语法上是不正确的。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday.Trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday，trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　【例2】

　　误：Talking with an old friend usually reviving old memories.Such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　正：Talking with an old friend，one can usually revive old memories，such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　【例3】

　　误：The class often starts late.For example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　正：The class of ten starts late，for example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　【例4】

　　误：The whole area is honey combed by caves.Many of which are still unexplored.

　　正：The whole area is honey combed by caves，many of which are still unexplored.

　　【例5】

　　误：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage are given as decimal.

　　正：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.

　　2.融合句

　　所谓融合句，就是两个或两个以上的句子没有适当的标点符号或连词而融合在一起。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.

　　正：The girl made the fire，and the boy cooked the steaks.

　　【例2】

　　误：There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.

　　正：There is no fool who is happy，and no wise man who is not.(世上没快乐的愚人，也没有不快乐的智者。)

　　订阅收藏考研英语主观题40分攻略

　　【例3】

　　误：The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.

　　正：The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.

　　【例4】

　　误：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it you may succeed.

　　正：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it，and you may succeed.

　　【例5】

　　误：Johnson decided to quit smoking.he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　正：Johnson decided to quit smoking，because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　3.悬垂修饰语

　　修饰语必须非常明确地修饰句子中的某一个词或某一组词。悬垂修饰是指修饰语与其逻辑主语之间产生意义上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，使修饰语处于悬浮状态，无处着落。非谓语动词或介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。如果句子的主语不能充当其逻辑主语，就得另加上逻辑主语，否则该非谓语动词或介词短语便是悬垂结构了。如：

　　【例1】

　　误：To discover the truth about happiness，questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　正：To discover the truth about happiness，we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　【例2】

　　误：When only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　正：When only a little girl，I was taken to New York by my father.

　　或：正：When I was only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　【例3】

　　误：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.

　　正：After sitting up half the night，I finished my term paper.

　　【例4】

　　误：Jogging slowly along the street，my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.