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考研英语被动语态翻译方法技巧
被动语态在英语中的比较多，是考生需重点掌握的语法知识。下面是小编分享的考研英语被动语态翻译方法技巧，欢迎大家阅读！
考研英语被动语态翻译方法技巧1
被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。在英语中，大凡为了强调受事者，以突出其鲜明位置，无需提及主动者、无意点明主动者、无从说出主动者，为了上下文的衔接与连贯等等，或是出于礼貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的.执行者是谁的，往往都采用被动语态。
此外，由于英语被动结构能给读者以间接客观、不带个人感情色彩的印象，因而在科技文献、政论文章和新闻报道等文体中使用尤为频繁。但是汉语采用的主要是语义型句式，大多数被动意义并不一定非得通过被动语句来表达，而可以通过形式上主动、语义上被动的句式予以体现。英语和汉语在被动语态使用上存在的这种差异决定了英汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。
一、译成汉语的被动句
使用"被、受、遭、让、给、把、得到、加以、得以、为......所、由......来"等词汇。
1. Problems should be resolved in good time.
问题应及时加以解决。
2. He was praised by his teacher.
他得到了老师的表扬。
二、译成汉语主动句
(一)保存原文主语(原句主语通常为无生命的名词)
3. With the development of social economy，cultural traditions must be kept.
随着社会的发展，文化传统必须保留
4. The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.
会议定于四月六日举行。
(二)主宾颠倒(by+行为主体)
5. Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.
这种化学反应能发出热和光。
6. Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used.
现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
考研英语被动语态翻译方法技巧2
(1)被动句的主语仍译为主动句的主语。
The car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound.
译文：汽车损坏严重，已无法修理，而驾车者却安然无恙。
The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.
译文：此项发现得到科学界的高度评价。(或：科学界对此项发现给予高度评价。)
(2)将被动句译成主动句，有时外加泛指人称代词"人们"，"有人"，"大家"，"我们"做主语。
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.
译文：人们发现，橡胶是一种良好的绝缘材料。
The area has been marked out for building more hotels.
译文：人们划出这块地区用于建造更多的旅店。
(3)把by 后动作的执行者做主语，英文原句中的主语做宾语。
The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
译文：蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。
What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?
译文：政府已经采取或正在采取哪些措施去降低空气的污染程度呢?
(4)译成汉语中的无主句。
若根据上下文或特定情景，对行为主体一目了然，或者出于礼貌和婉转起见，可以采用这种译法。
The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn the fuel more efficiently.
译文：使发动机更有效地燃烧燃料而设计的'特殊装置可以降低发动机一氧化碳的排放量。
Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
译文：将来还可能对本系列标准增加若干项国际标准。
(5)改译成汉语的判断句，即带表语的主动句。
常见的被动式句型译法：
It cannot be denied that...不可否认
It has been illustrated that...据说明;据图示;图中表示
It has been proved that...已经证明
It is(usually) considered that...据(通常)估计;人们(通常)认为
It is assumed that...假定
It is believed that...大家相信
It is alleged that...据称
It is demonstrated that...已经证明，文中(图中)表明
It is estimated that...据估计
It is expected that...人们希望
It is found that...据发现;人们认为
It is generally agreed/recognized that...人们通常认为/承认
It is hoped/still to be hoped that...(我们)希望/仍希望
It is mentioned that...据说
It is noticed /noted that...人们注意到/前面已经指出
It is proposed that...有人提议(指出)
It is recommended that...有人推荐
It is regarded that...人们认为
It is reported that...据报道
It is said that...据说
It is stressed that...人们强调说
It is supposed that...据推测;假定
It is thought that...有人认为
It is universally accepted that...普遍认为
It is well known that...众所周知
It must be admitted that...必须承认
It should be pointed out that...必须指出
It will be seen from it that...由此可见
如"是由…"、"是因…"、"是在…"等等。被动语态是表示一种状态时可以译成汉语的判断句型。
My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.
译文：我的前四十年在南欧度过。
These machines are operated by a worker only.
译文：这些机器只由一名工人操纵。
(6)译成正常的被动句，以突出被动意义。
这不仅包括被字句，还包括汉语特有的表示被动的手段，如"受、被、叫、挨、让、给、遭、由、为、为…所…、把、加以、使"等等都可以表示被动意义。
In industry, natural materials difficult to get are often replaced by plastics.
译文：在工业中，不易获得的天然材料常常被塑料代替。
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
译文：工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉，多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学的思想家忽视了。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
译文：问题应该及时加以解决。
The Apollo Ⅻ crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.
译文：阿波罗十二号的宇航员曾报告说，它们的宇宙飞船正遭到两个不明飞行物的跟踪。(用"遭到")
For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted.
译文：为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石必须经过冶炼。
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