考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题

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考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题

　　和所有的英语考试一样，考研英语中阅读题的分值最大。所以阅读是大家最重视的一个题型，下面是小编给大家准备的考研英语阅读理解及翻译的历年真题，欢迎大家阅读练习!

考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题

　　考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题 1

　　“Ive never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “Its a stupid endeavor.” Thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of mans best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

　　Westhusins experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missys DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when youre dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

　　Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusins phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missys mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. Hes plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missys owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

　　The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusins work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]

　　6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .

　　[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

　　[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

　　[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

　　[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

　　7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?

　　[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.

　　[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.

　　[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.

　　[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.

　　8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?

　　[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

　　[B]Few people have realized its significance.

　　[C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made.

　　[D] It is becoming a prosperous industry.

　　9. From the passage we can infer that _____.

　　[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

　　[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

　　[C] human reproductive system has not been understood

　　[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

　　10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.

　　[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

　　[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

　　核心词汇

　　confines n. limits or borders范围，界限;边界例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围

　　超纲词汇

　　aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的，出故障的

　　canine a. 犬的，犬科的

　　cramped a. 狭窄的，拥挤的例：working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作

　　embryo n. 胚胎

　　fetus n. 胎，胎儿

　　Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，

　　duplicate意为“复制”，?ity为名词后缀

　　plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”

　　surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体

　　veterinary a.兽医的例：veterinary medicine/science兽医学

　　vexed a.*① 气恼的，烦恼的例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的，难于解决的例：vexed question/issue棘手的问题

　　viably ad. ① 可实施地，切实可行地 *② 能存活地，能生长发育地

　　长难句分析

　　1. Thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.

　　该句主干是Thats an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice，相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中，定语从句who... 也做后置定语，修饰先行词a man。

　　2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.

　　该句主干是He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句，为插入语，修饰主句。另外，主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown... 做后置定语，相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。

　　语篇分析

　　本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。

　　第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。

　　引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。

　　第二、三段为第二部分，论证观点。

　　第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况：①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。

　　第三段：分析指出，(虽然克隆是危险的)克隆狗仍然存在巨大的商机(a commercial opportunity)。首句是段落主题句，其中even so是转折标志词，表明该段与上一段在含义上存在转折。该段描述了“商机”的具体表现：电话频频响起(ringing busily)。接着分析存在商机的原因：①以Missy的主人为例指出，人们不惜花费巨资(cost is no obstacle; plopped down $3.7 billion);②同样以Missy的主人为例指出，客户与研究者能够达成共识(both looking forward to studying the ways)。

　　第四段为第三部分，重申观点：在克隆动物还远没有成功的情况下，克隆人是不可行的。

　　首先说明克隆狗存在的问题(face the problems shown at birth)，然后引用专家Mark Westhusin的话否认目前存在克隆人的可行性(not close to getting worked out in animals yet, why want to clone humans)。

　　文章总体特点：①开始和结尾都摆出了明确的观点，形成首尾呼应。②作者在文章中没有直接发表评论，而是借他人之语表达自己的观点和评价。③虽然作者的最终目的是反对克隆人，但却通过论证动物克隆技术的不成熟间接论证克隆人的不可行性。

　　试题命制分析

　　通过对文章的整体分析，我们可以从以下几个方面命题，考查考生的阅读理解能力。

　　1. 事实细节题

　　围绕狗Missy的细节：①年龄13岁;②还没有被成功地克隆;③克隆它的项目中已经使用了成百上千的犬科动物的卵，但只获得了一打左右有匹配基因的胚胎;④其主人为克隆它已经投入了370万美元;⑤其克隆体并不一定有同样的脾气和秉性。

　　关于克隆狗的概括性事实：①狗的生殖系统是现代科学中的一个神秘领域;②它是低效而且危险的;③具有很大的商机。

　　目前克隆动物存在的问题：①存活几率低(none have survived);②有先天性疾病(problems shown at birth; abnormalities)。

　　围绕Missy主人的细节：①富有并积极投资;②希望匿名以保护自己的隐私;③与研究团队达成共识，共同期待能研究Missy的克隆体与Missy本身的差异之处。

　　根据以上内容可以命制综合细节题，参见试题6和7;也可以命制正误判断题，参见试题8。

　　2. 作者观点、态度题

　　本文作者主要借Mark Westhusin的话来表达自己的观点，因此该人物的观点和态度与作者完全一致。

　　从全文第一句、第二段第一句和全文最后一句可以推出，Mark Westhusin(或作者)对克隆人持明确的否定态度。由第一段末话可知，作者认为，狗的克隆是生物学上的难题(one of the mysteries of modern science)。由于Mark Westhusin一直在从事动物克隆的研究，因此作者不可能对动物克隆持完全否定态度，但文中Mark Westhusin也多次提到动物克隆存在的危险，因此作者的态度应该是谨慎的。参见试题10。也可以考查Mark Westhusin(或作者)对待克隆的总体态度，如：[A] 克隆动物是愚蠢的;[B] 人类克隆还没有接近成功;[C] 克隆是低效的，应该被完全禁止;[D] 动物克隆可以，克隆人则不行。 (答案：[D])

　　3. 人物观点题。

　　文中还有一个次要人物就是狗Missy的主人，从他的言论及行为可以推出该人物的观点：①克隆人是愚蠢的行为;②狗的克隆应该得到大力支持。

　　4. 词义句意题

　　根据上下文推测第二段末句Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous的'隐含含义，如：[A] 实验室研究人员需要非常小心才能克隆成功;[B] 克隆动物可能死于疾病或感染;[C] 实验过程中浪费很多生命;[D] 克隆动物比正常的动物体质差。(答案：[C])

　　试题精解

　　6.威斯苏森先生认为克隆是危险的，因为_____。

　　[A] 实验中的动物被折磨至死 [B] 公众表达了强烈的不满

　　[C] 实验浪费了很多生命 [D] 克隆成为仅仅追求利益的行为

　　[精解] 答案C本题考查因果细节。根据题干定位到第二段末“Cloning... also dangerous”。其上文即该段倒数第二句中，威斯苏森先生指出，在猫或牛的克隆试验中，对动物卵的浪费以及许多动物的自然性流产都可以接受，但是克隆人就不行。因此可知，[C]是“危险”的真正含义。[A]中torture(折磨)一词无从推知;[B]项文中未提及;第三段首句虽然提到，狗的克隆有很大的商机，但不能由此推出[D]正确。

　　7.克隆密斯项目面临的问题是什么?

　　[A] 客户对它持怀疑态度。 [B] 没有足够的资金支持这项研究。

　　[C] 狗的主人不愿意透漏信息。[D] 狗的克隆是一个生物难题。

　　[精解] 答案D本题考查事实细节。题干中the Missyplicity project指克隆一只名叫密斯的狗的项目。第一段倒数第二句指出，克隆密斯可能成功也可能失败。该段最后一句解释其原因是：狗的生殖系统似乎是现代科学中一个神秘的领域。因此[D]为正确项。

　　第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一个商机，能带来丰厚的科研报酬。该段第三句又提到，对于像密斯的主人这样的消费者来说，高额的花销并不是什么障碍。由此可知，[B]不是项目存在的问题。[C]属于答非所问，第三段第三句提到，密斯的主人希望匿名以保护自己的隐私。但这对项目本身并不造成任何影响。[A]无从推知。

　　8.下面哪一项是关于动物克隆的正确说法?

　　[A] 很少有私人克隆公司能够承担。 [B] 很少有人意识到它的意义。

　　[C] 可以制造出与猫或牛一模一样的复制品。[D] 它正成为一个欣欣向荣的产业。

　　[精解] 答案D本题考查事实细节。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能带来丰厚科研报酬的商机。下文无论是提到动医学院频繁接到的电话，还是举出一掷千金想克隆爱犬的富人的例子都是为了说明首句的观点。因此[D]正确。

　　第三段最后两句提到，密斯(狗)的克隆体与它本身存在差异之处。至于猫和牛的情况如何，文中没有涉及，排除[C]。[A]和[B]在文中也没有提及。

　　9.从文中我们可以推知_______。

　　[A] 威斯苏森很快将克隆出一只狗[B] 科学家对克隆人持悲观态度

　　[C] 人类的生殖系统还没有被了解[D] 富有的人只对克隆动物感兴趣

　　[精解] 答案B本题考查推理。文章一开始就引用专家威斯苏森的话，指出克隆人是愚蠢的尝试。第二段最后两句提到，克隆实验的低效性和危险性在克隆人中不可接受。文章末尾再次引用该专家的话，指出现在动物的研究还没成功，没有必要想到克隆人。由此可见以威斯苏森为代表的科学家对克隆人是持悲观态度的。[B]为正确项。

　　第一段最后两句提到，威斯苏森和他的团队可能会在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再过五年都不会成功。因此狗的克隆的成功是尚未确定的事情，排除[A]。第一段末句提到，狗的生殖系统是现代科学中神秘的领域。“人的生殖系统”在文中没有涉及，[C]无从推知。文中只提到一位富人有意克隆他的狗，但没有指出富人对克隆人不感兴趣，排除[D]。

　　10.威斯苏森先生似乎认为克隆________。

　　[A] 是愚蠢的，应该被放弃[B] 已经接近成功

　　[C] 应该谨慎对待 [D] 现在正处于进退维谷的境地

　　[精解] 答案C本题考查文中人物观点。注意题干问的是“克隆”，它包括了克隆人和克隆动物两个方面。第二段末句中，威斯苏森先生强调了克隆的低效性和危险性;文末他又指出，克隆动物的研究还没有接近成功时，更别提克隆人。因此，[C]概括了他对于克隆的整体态度。

　　文章第二句出现的a stupid endeavor是威斯苏森先生对克隆人的看法，不包括克隆动物，因此排除[A]。[B]与文章末句not yet close to getting it worked out相矛盾。从第二段倒数第二句可知，威斯苏森先生对于克隆动物是默许的，并不认为克隆处于进退维谷的境地，排除[D]。

　　全文翻译

　　“我还没有遇到一个值得克隆的人。” 克隆专家马克威斯苏森在德克萨斯州农业机械大学空间狭小的实验室里说。“那是一种愚蠢的尝试。”有趣的是，这种用来形容克隆人的言辞竟然来自一位已花费数百万美金试图克隆一只13岁的名叫密斯的狗的人。到目前为止，他和他的团队还没有获得成功，尽管他们已经克隆出了两只牛并且正计划在短期内克隆出一只猫。他们可能会在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再过五年都不会成功。人类最亲密的朋友——狗的生殖系统似乎是现代科学中一个神秘的领域。

　　威斯苏森克隆动物的经验使他对克隆人的种种说法十分恼火。在研究“克隆密斯项目”的三年时间里，农业机械大学的团队使用了成百上千只犬科动物的卵，却仅仅获得了一打左右的带有密斯基因的胚胎，并且没有一个在被转移至克隆母体时存活下来。威斯苏森教授争辩道，在研究猫或牛的克隆试验中，对动物卵的浪费以及许多动物的自然性流产都是可以为人们所接受的，但是对于研究人来说就不行。他表示说，“克隆是十分低效的，而且也相当危险。”

　　尽管如此，克隆狗仍是一个商机，能带来丰厚的科研报酬。自从1997年多利羊克隆成功后，威斯苏森教授在农业机械大学兽医学院的电话就频频响起。对于像密斯的神秘主人这样的消费者来说，高额的花销并不是什么难题，他只是希望匿名以保护自己的隐私。到目前为止，他已经投入了370万美金来资助这项研究，因为他想要一个密斯的孪生子在它死后继承其优良品质。但是这位主人知道，密斯的克隆体不一定能有与它一样的脾气秉性。在一份用途声明中，密斯的主人和农业机械大学的团队表示，他们“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆体与它本身的差异之处。”

　　用于实验的狗的命运将由威斯苏森教授的工作来决定。他知道即使有一只狗能成功怀孕，它的后代，如果能幸存下来，一出生就要面对其他克隆动物所面临的问题：像肺部和心脏发育不全造成的畸形以及体重问题等等。威斯苏森教授质问道，“在我们克隆动物的研究还没有接近成功时，为什么还想到要克隆人呢?”

　　考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题 2

　　Richard Williams

　　Richard Williams works hard. He’s clever, careful, and fast .His work is dangerous. Richard thinks of himself as a professional—a professional thief.

　　Yesterday was a typical day. Richard dressed in a business suit, took his briefcase (手提箱), and drove to a town about ten miles from his home. He parked his car in a busy area, then began to walk along the street. No one looked at him. He was another businessman walking to work.

　　At 8：05, Richard saw what he wanted. A man was leaving his house. Richard walked around the block again. At 8：10 , he watched a woman leave the same house. After she left, Richard worked quickly. He walked to the side of the house and stood behind a tree. He took a screwdriver (螺丝刀) out of his briefcase and quickly opened the window and climbed in. First, he looked through the desk in the living room. He found $200 in cash (现金). In the dining room, he put the silverware (银器) into his briefcase. The next stop was the bedroom. Richard stole a diamond ring and an emerald (祖母绿宝石) necklace. Richard passed a color TV, a stereo (音响), and a camera, but he didn’t touch them. Everything had to fit into his briefcase. In less than five minutes, Richand climbed back out the window. He looked around carefully, then began his walk down the street again. No one looked at him. He was just another businessman, walking to work.

　　1. Why did Richard wear a business suit?

　　A. Because he is a professional.

　　B. Because he didn’t want to draw others’ attention to him.

　　C. Because he works hard. D. Because he is a thief.

　　2. Richard ____ , after the man left his house.

　　A. stood behind a tree B. entered the house

　　C. walked around the block again D. opened the window with a screwdriver

　　3. No one saw Richard get into the house because ____ .

　　A. it was night time B. he ran very fast

　　C. he stood behind a tree D. he was very clever

　　4. How long did Richard stay in the house?

　　A. Five minutes. B. One hour. C. Nearly five minutes. D. Fifteen minutes.

　　5. The reason why Richard didn’t take the TV set is that ____ .

　　A. it is too big to carry B. it is too heavy to carry

　　C. it is worth nothing

　　D. it is difficult for him to carry such a thing without being noticed

　　Richard Williams works hard. He’s clever, careful, and fast .His work is dangerous. Richard thinks of himself as a professional—a professional thief.

　　李察威廉姆斯努力工作。他是聪明的，细心的，快速的。他的工作是危险的。李察认为自己作为一个职业小偷professional-a。

　　昨天是一个典型的一天。李察穿上西装，带着他的公文包(手提箱)，开车到了离他家十英里的一个小镇。他把车停在一个繁忙的地区，然后开始在街上散步。没有人看着他。他是一个商人步行上班。

　　在8时05分，李察看到他想要的东西。一个男人离开他的房子。李察走在街了。在8:10，他看着女人离开房子。她离开后，李察很快地。他走到房子的一边，站在一棵树后面。他把螺丝刀(螺丝刀)从公文包里迅速打开窗户爬了进去。首先，他在客厅的桌子上看。他发现$200现金(现金)。在餐厅里，他把银器(银器)放入公文包。下一站是卧室。李察偷了一只钻石戒指和绿宝石(祖母绿宝石)项链。李察通过一个彩色电视，立体声(音响)，和一个相机，但他没碰他们。所有的'一切都融入他的公文包。在不到五分钟，爬出窗口问题。他仔细观察，然后开始走了。没有人看着他。他只是一个商人，步行去上班。

　　名人演讲：National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon

　　Gerald R. Ford

　　Address to the Nation Pardoning Richard M. Nixon

　　delivered on September 8, 1974, Washington D.C.

　　演讲者简介：杰拉尔德·鲁道夫·福特 (Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ，1913年7月14日~2006年12月26日)美国第37位、第38任总统(1974年8月9日~1977年1月20日)。就职后，福特面对几乎不能克服的任务。面对通货膨胀，恢复经济，解决能量短缺等问题，并且努力保证世界和平。政府干预和花费作为解决美国社会和经济的问题的方法控制趋势。归根结底，他相信，这变化将为全部美国人带来好生活。1972、1975、1981年福特曾3次访问中国。

　　[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio. (2)]

　　Ladies and gentlemen: I have come to a decision which I felt I should tell you and all of my fellow American citizens, as soon as I was certain in my own mind and in my own conscience that it is the right thing to do. I have learned already in this office that the difficult decisions always come to this desk. I must admit that many of them do not look at all the same as the hypothetical questions that I have answered freely and perhaps too fast on previous occasions.

　　My customary policy is to try and get all the facts and to consider the opinions of my countrymen and to take counsel with my most valued friends. But these seldom agree, and in the end, the decision is mine. To procrastinate, to agonize, and to wait for a more favorable turn of events that may never come or more compelling external pressures that may as well be wrong as right, is itself a decision of sorts and a weak and potentially dangerous course for a President to follow.

　　I have promised to uphold the Constitution, to do what is right as God gives me to see the right, and to do the very best that I can for America. I have asked your help and your prayers, not only when I became President but many times since. The Constitution is the supreme law of our land, and it governs our actions as citizens. Only the laws of God, which govern our consciences, are superior to it.

　　As we are a nation under God, so I am sworn to uphold our laws with the help of God. And I have sought such guidance and searched my own conscience with special diligence to determine the right thing for me to do with respect to my predecessor in this place, Richard Nixon, and his loyal wife and family. Theirs is an American tragedy in which we all -- all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must.

　　There are no historic or legal precedents to which I can turn in this matter, none that precisely fit the circumstances of a private citizen who has resigned the Presidency of the United States. But it is common knowledge that serious allegations and accusations hang like a sword over our former Presidents head, threatening his health as he tries to reshape his life, a great part of which was spent in the service of this country and by the mandate of its people.

　　After years of bitter controversy and divisive national debate, I have been advised, and I am compelled to conclude that many months and perhaps more years will have to pass before Richard Nixon could obtain a fair trial by jury in any jurisdiction of the United States under governing decisions of the Supreme Court. I deeply believe in equal justice for all Americans, whatever their station or former station. The law, whether human or divine, is no respecter of persons; but the law is a respecter of reality.

　　The facts, as I see them, are that a former President of the United States, instead of enjoying equal treatment with any other citizen accused of violating the law, would be cruelly and excessively penalized either in preserving the presumption of his innocence or in obtaining a speedy determination of his guilt in order to repay a legal debt to society. During this long period of delay and potential litigation, ugly passions would again be aroused. And our people would again be polarized in their opinions. And the credibility of our free institutions of government would again be challenged at home and abroad. In the end, the courts might well hold that Richard Nixon had been denied due process, and the verdict of history would even more be inconclusive with respect to those charges arising out of the period of his Presidency, of which I am presently aware.

　　But it is not the ultimate fate of Richard Nixon that most concerns me, though surely it deeply troubles every decent and every compassionate person. My concern is the immediate future of this great country. In this, I dare not depend upon my personal sympathy as a long-time friend of the former President, nor my professional judgment as a lawyer, and I do not.

　　As President, my primary concern must always be the greatest good of all the people of the United States whose servant I am. As a man, my first consideration is to be true to my own convictions and my own conscience. My conscience tells me clearly and certainly that I cannot prolong the bad dreams that continue to reopen a chapter that is closed. My conscience tells me that only I, as President, have the constitutional power to firmly shut and seal this book. My conscience tells me it is my duty, not merely to proclaim domestic tranquility but to use every means that I have to insure it.

　　I do believe that the buck stops here, that I cannot rely upon public opinion polls to tell me what is right.

　　I do believe that right makes might and that if I am wrong, 10 angels swearing I was right would make no difference.

　　I do believe, with all my heart and mind and spirit, that I, not as President but as a humble servant of God, will receive justice without mercy if I fail to show mercy.

　　Finally, I feel that Richard Nixon and his loved ones have suffered enough and will continue to suffer, no matter what I do, no matter what we, as a great and good nation, can do together to make his goal of peace come true.

　　Now, therefore, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from July 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.

　　In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-ninth.

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