职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案

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2024职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案

　　无论在学习或是工作中，许多人都需要跟试题打交道，试题可以帮助参考者清楚地认识自己的知识掌握程度。你所了解的试题是什么样的呢？下面是小编帮大家整理的2024职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案，希望能够帮助到大家。

2024职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案

　　职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案 1

　　第四部分：阅读理解

　　第一篇　Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

　　When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

　　Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

　　Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

　　Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

　　Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.

　　31. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

　　B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.

　　C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.

　　D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.

　　32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.

　　A. the positive effects of coffee.

　　B. a change of coffee growth.

　　C. something that is the most important.

　　D. how coffee production used to be.

　　33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?

　　A. More insects.

　　B. Better quality coffee.

　　C. Larger farms.

　　D. Higher profits.

　　34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?

　　A. They buy more land from other farmers.

　　B. They cut down trees.

　　C. They move to another country.

　　D. They turn grassland into farmland.

　　35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun

　　A. insects.

　　B. air.

　　C. birds

　　D. humans

　　答案：31-35.D B D B B

　　第二篇　　More Rural Research is Needed

　　Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.

　　“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(营养不良)and poverty.” he said.

　　Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(贫瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.

　　The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.

　　He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs(有用的.副产品)for Mexico, China or India.

　　“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.

　　Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fischer said.

　　36. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Shortage of food supplies.

　　B. Development of agricultural technologies.

　　C. Impact of agricultural research.

　　D. Expectation of population growth.

　　37. Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding?

　　A. It is increasing among developed countries.

　　B. It is decreasing worldwide.

　　C. Less is demanded from developing countries.

　　D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.

　　38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?

　　A. Food shortage will not be a problem

　　B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.

　　C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.

　　D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.

　　39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr Fischer

　　A. They are costly.

　　B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.

　　C. Their application is limited.

　　D. They have to be applied locally.

　　40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.

　　A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.

　　B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.

　　C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.

　　D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.

　　答案：36-40. C B C B A

　　第三篇　　Dangers await babies with altitude

　　Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.

　　Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

　　To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.

　　Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.

　　The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.

　　His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.

　　Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary(冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

　　41. What does the new study discover?

　　A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.

　　B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.

　　C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.

　　D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.

　　42. Giussani and his team are sure that _____.

　　A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.

　　B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.

　　C. the birth weight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.

　　D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.

　　43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_____.

　　A. the finding was unexpected

　　B. he was very tired.

　　C. the study took longer than expected.

　　D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.

　　44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _____.

　　A. lack of certain nutrition.

　　B. power of their mother.

　　C. different family backgrounds.

　　D. reduction of oxygen levels.

　　45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_____.

　　A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.

　　B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.

　　C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.

　　D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.

　　答案：41-45. B A A D B

　　职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案 2

　　1、A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man - the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.

　　This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward; furthermore, the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

　　1)、From Para. 1, we know that in America _________.

　　A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man

　　B.people can always rise to the top through their won efforts

　　C.college professors win great respect from common workers

　　D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors

　　答案：A

　　2)、According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _________.

　　A.servants in America are hard to get.

　　B.she takes pride in what she can do herself

　　C.she can hardly afford servants

　　D.it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food

　　答案：B

　　3)、The underlined expression “wait on table” in Para. 2 means “_________”.

　　A.work in a furniture shop

　　B.keep accounts for a bar

　　C.wait to lay the table

　　D.serve customers in a restaurant

　　答案：D

　　4)、The author’s attitude towards manual labor is _______.

　　A.positive

　　B.negative

　　C.humorous

　　D.critical

　　答案：A

　　5)、Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

　　A.A Respectable Self-made Family

　　B.American Attitude toward Manual Labor

　　C.Characteristics of American Culture

　　D.The Development of Manual Labor

　　答案：B

　　2、It looks like a mobile phone, but the service is much cheaper. It acts like a mobile phone, but only in your own city. Beyond the city walls, it is useless.

　　"Little Smart", also called "Xiaolingtong", has always been compared to mobile phones. But actually it is more like one of those cordless phones(无绳电话) used around the home. The only difference is that this one reaches much further. It can travel across an entire city.

　　Cheap costs are the main reason for the success of Little Smart. It costs 25 yuan a month for the line and about 0.1 yuan per minute to use. Whats more, unlike mobile phones, there is no fee for incoming calls.

　　But Little Smart is not really that smart. Users often complain about its bad service quality. "I couldnt receive a phone call if I was on a bus," said Li, a user in Beijing. "It worked fine when I stood still, but there were breaks in signal when I was moving."

　　Scientists are trying to make Little Smart more user-friendly. Messaging and Internet access (接入) have been added to the service. And the latest Little Smart handset even has color screen(彩屏).

　　1)、Little Smart is so popular in China because it looks like a mobile phone.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　2)、The cost of the service of Little Smart is about 0.1 yuan per minute to use.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　3)、Users are not satisfied with Little Smart because the quality of its service is bad.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　4)、The word “handset” in the last paragraph means appearance.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　5)、Scientists are trying to make Little Smart more user-friendly.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　3、Who will stage the games?

　　Preparing for the Olympic Games is a huge undertaking (工程). Just like the athletes, the host city spends years getting ready for the event. Before deciding which city will host the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has to examine bids from all over the world. Bidding for the games begins about ten years in advance. Without preparing a very strong bid, a city will not win the competition to host the games. Beijing was chosen for the 2008 games from five bidders 一 Osaka, Paris, Toronto and Istanbul.

　　Why does it take so long to prepare?

　　Building the infrastructure (基础设施) costs huge amounts of money. Holding the World Cup in 2002 in Japan and South Korea, for example, meant that ten new stadiums had to be built, as well as many hotels and an improved transport system. In Beijing, after winning the bid the government began major construction projects 一 the extension of the underground, the improvement of the airport and the building of new motorways. Each host city must also build an Olympic village for the athletes. By planting trees and creating parks, the city becomes more attractive for tourists.

　　Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games?

　　Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy and brings international prestige(声望) to the country. Thousands and thousands of visitors come to the games and the host cities are permanently improved.

　　1)、Bidding for the Olympic Games usually starts one year before the games are really held.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　2)、Beijing was one of the five bidders for the 2008 games.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　3)、The World Cup 2002 was held in China.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　4)、Beijing started the improvement of the airport after winning the bid.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　5)、Countries want to host the Olympic Games because it has a major effect on the economy.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A

　　4、Taking away a citys rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we cant eat or use. If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.

　　In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside the city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage(污水，排水)system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.

　　To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then youd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.

　　In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything except the metal.Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus(腐殖质), which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.

　　1)、You can most probably read this kind of passage in a telephone book.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　2)、The main idea of the passage is to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　3)、The underlined word “sewage” in the second paragraph means laundry.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：B

　　4)、According to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again to feed plants.

　　A.T B.F

　　答案：A