一、重点写作话题
成功的要素： 31%
Do people achieve greatness only by finding out what they are especially good at and developing that attribute above all else? (2007-10)
Do highly accomplished people achieve more than others mainly because they expect more of themselves? (2009-1)
现代、过去对比： 14%
Do incidents from the past continue to influence the present? (2008-5)
Do advertisements contribute to unhappiness and dissatisfaction? (2012-5)
从众、原创： 28%
Is it important to question the ideas and decisions of people in positions of authority?(2006-10)
Is it always best to determine one's own views of right and wrong, or can we benefit from following the crowd? (2007-5)
动机类： 7%
Are people's actions motivated primarily by a desire for power over others? (2008-5)
真话假话： 5%
Does the truth change depending on how people look at things? (2006-5)
选择类： 10%
Are we free to make our own decisions or are we limited in the choices we can make?(2006-5)
Do small decisions often have major consequences? (2010-5)
其他： 5%
Do people place too much value on newness?
Do we place too little value on privacy?
二、SAT 语法机经之：赐你一双火眼金睛——“逆向思维”
SAT 语法必考!!
一.挑错题 划线考点：
1.动词划线 ： 考点： 主谓一致( only 倒装;主谓分隔); 时态(虚拟语气);特殊动词变形;only 倒装：
1. Only by tapping (A) their last reserves of energy were (B) the team members able to salvage (C) what was beginning (D) to look like a lost cause. No error (E)
正确答案选择： E。 only 倒装主句倒装从句不倒装;
主谓分隔 S,X,VO;
1.The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulation of (D) campaign financing. No error (E)
虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句： If 主语+过去时(Be 动词用 were)
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句： If 主语+had+done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测
主句：主语+should +do
从句： ①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式) /were
IF 省略倒装
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were ,should ,had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即 把 were ,should ,had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
eg： Should he agree to go there ,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here ,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或\"should+动词原形\"表示虚拟语气。
一坚持 insist
二命令 order command
三建议 suggest advise recommend
四要求 ask, demand, request, require;
1.For our hike, my two companions and I(A) had chose (B)to walk along the Appalachian Trail, one of(C) the oldest and best-loved (D)hiking paths in the United States. No error.(E)
2.形容词/副词划线： 考点：形容词/副词误用;不可抗力(形近词辨析);
Not many (A) authors have described (B) the effects of environmental pollution as effective as (C) Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model for (D) nature writers. No error (E)
3.介词：考点：固定搭配 比如： in recognition of ; resistance to ;differ from; caused by….
(详见后面的固定搭配附表)
Like many (A) people, Luanne believes that parents can foster musical ability in small children out of (B) playing (C) classical music for them while they are (D) infants. No error (E)
4.代词： 考点：互相指代;歧义;主宾格误用
1. The oldest(A) examples of alphabetic writing discovered so far are(B) almost 4,000 years old, but, because they are (C)written in an obscure alphabet, it(D) cannot be translated completely. No error(E)
2. Damselflies closely (A) resemble dragonflies except that(B) when at rest an adult
damselfly holds its wings parallel to the (C) body, while a dragonfly holds theirs(D)
perpendicular to the body. No error(E)
5.同类对比关键词(unlike， than， compare ; as adj, as; similar etc.)
1.Unlike several decades ago, today's librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.
(A) Unlike
(B) Unlike them of
(C) Unlike those of
(D) Contrary to
(E) Contrary to those
6.more/ most: 通过比较个数来判断到底用比较级还是最高级;
1. Ants, butterflies, and bees first appeared (A)during the Cretaceous period, the more recent (B)of the three geologic periods during which (C)dinosaurs lived(D). No error (E)
7. to do so VS to be so ;
That (A)the country is now politically stable and economically robust and will(B) almost
certainly continue to do so(C) is(D) no longer seriously doubted. No error.(E)
二. 句子优化题
1.逻辑主语(悬挂结构)
悬挂结构句式：
X,S+V+(O)
1. Acting on a tip from an anonymous informant, a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards were seized by federal agents during a raid on a local nightclub early yesterday morning.
(A) a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards were seized by federal agents
(B) a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards was seized by federal agents
(C)there was a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards that federal agents seized
(D)federal agents would seize a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards
(E)federal agents seized a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards.
何为非谓语动词：
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、 动名词和分词( 现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
To do (不定式) 表目的;
Doing(伴随;修饰);
Done(被动);
2.独立主格结构;
独立主格结构的模式是：
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
范例：
1.A thick growth of sunflowers standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooped over the fence with the weight of their seeds.
A. standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooped
B. standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooping
C. standing ten feet tall, and their brown heads droop
D. stood ten feet tall, their brown heads drooping
E. stood ten feet tall, and their brown heads drooping
三. 常设“坑爹” 陷阱：
1.特殊动词变形：
have/ has/ had+ 过去式(wrote; took; chose; swam ; ect.)
2.强调句：
it be + 时间状语+ when;
it be + 地点状语+ where;
例题：
It was not until 1982, the year two major supermarket chains began (A) replacing paper bags with (B) plastic ones, when(C) the use of plastic shopping bags became(D)
widespread. No error (E)
3.固定搭配必考：
be rooted in 起源于
Succeed sb to do sth 接替某人干某事;
Succeed sb as sb’s place 接替某人的位置;
深植于Sb make sense of sth
Sth make sense ;
Sth is a condition of sth
Copy with 处理;
Interest in doing sth;
Cause by;
Be oblivious of 不顾
With regard of 考虑到;
Put question to sb
Differ from
Account for 解释;
关于 to do 是不定式的固定搭配：
threat to do
want to do
desire to do
forbid sb to do sth = prohibit sb from doing sth
tendency to do sth
tend to do sth
be able to do sth
be capable of doing sth
have ability to do
adhere to n. 坚持;粘附;拥护，追随
distinguish A from B 把 A 跟 B 区分;
advocate of n.
Advocate to do sth /doing 提倡干某事 v.
change of n.
Change to do sth v.to do 是针对....的改变
Change of of 表示关于...的改变;
Offer of sth n.
Offer to do v.
On the verge of 在...的边缘 n.
in the hope of n.
hope to do sth v.
mistrust in sth /of sb
in recognition of
consider sb as ...把某人认为....
consider by 被某人认为
familiar with sth 熟悉某事
familar to sb 熟悉某人
Compare to 不同类比较
Compare A with B 同类比较
compare...with...把……和……比较(常表示同类相比，比较)
compare...to...把……比作……(常表示异类相比，比喻)
①Let's compare this photo with that one. 让我们把这张照片和那张照片作一下比较。
②Children are often compared to happy birds. 孩子常常被比喻成幸福的小鸟。
collaborate with sb 与...合作
inconsistent with adj. 与…不一致;与……相矛盾
preoccuption with 专注于干某事=be absorbed in
be prohibited from doing ;被禁止做某事
no one can help doing sth =can not help doing 忍不住干某事;
condemn as .... 把...谴责为...
know as = know to be
particular in 尤其是...
particular about 挑剔
of descent 是...的子裔
descent from 由…传下来的;起源于
be supposed to do 应该干某事
Comply by regulations 遵守规定
TO 是介词的固定搭配;
be sensitive to doing
In addition to doing
Limite to doing
Dedicate to doing
Contribute to doing
Attribute to doing
Devote to doing
resistance to sth 对....的抵抗
Take a approach to doing
leave somewhere for somewhere 离开某地去某地 eg:leave Shanghai for Beijing
leave somewhere to do sth 离开某地干某事
be indispensable to 名词 对…是必需的
be indispensable for doing/名词 对…是必需的
(for 后的宾语具有主动性，可以去实施某事; to 后的宾语一般是承受性。 )
对....负责 be responsible for
与...有关 sth be associated with / sb associate with
固定句式/搭配：
It is adj. to do sth .....;
do one’s best to do sth ;
Take/make efforts to do do sth ;
Notify sb of sth 通知某人某事;
Not, as sb...,....;
Not so much A as B 与其说 A 不如说是 B;
not so much as do 甚至不
Succeed in doing 成功干某事;
Have problem/trouble (in) doing sth 干某事有困难;
Spend time doing sth 花费时间做某事;
contrast A with B,
In contrast with A, B。
Commitment to 恪守(承诺)
Interest in 对…感兴趣;
Awkward expression：
1.because of +doing;
2.形容词性物主代词+doing：
必错句式：
being+adj./n.;being that(太过口语化);
because is the reason why ; .....is why
IP 题型：
IP 题主要考察的有两个方面：句法和文法。句法主要是从句子的层面出发，考察句子的使用，主要题型包括修改句子和合并句子;文法主要是从文章整体的谋篇布局出发，考察句子对于整片文章的作用，主要题型有：增添句子，删除句子以及写作手法。
阅读部分：
一、 SAT 阅读必考题型及解析：
1. 主旨题
单长第一题一般为主旨题。如果斜体字部分较长，一般可以直接由斜体字部分得出答案;如果斜体字信息较少，可以将此题放到最后再做。
e.g. Which characterization best describes the passage?
(A)An impressionistic account of a significant public event
(B) An idiosyncratic analysis of a puzzling moment in history
(C) A broad overview of an important change in American society
(D)A personal commentary on a controversial government decision
(E) A nostalgic recollection of a memorable personal achievement
原文：
After segregationist practices barred Black American singer Marian Anderson from a scheduled Washington, D.C., performance in 1939, the federal government sponsored her in a public concert on Easter Sunday. In this adaptation from a 2003 novel, Delia, a Black American voice student, arrives for that convert.
解题思路： 一个黑人小女孩(Delia, a Black American voice student) 的视角来看待一场政府赞助的公众音乐会(federal government sponsored her in a public concert)。正确选项 A。
2. 词汇题
词汇题一般考察的是单词不太常见的意思，或者文中引申出的意思，所以一定要根据上下文的意思推断。
e.g. In line 13, "hanging" most nearly means
(A) flowing
(B) drooping
(C) inclining
(D) unfinished
(E) suspended
原文：
I watched the hand rather than the location, for it seemed to have power over the terrain, and when it stopped for Lewis' voice to explain something, it was as though all streams everywhere quit running, hanging silently where they were to let the point be made.
解题思路： “hanging”在此句中与“quit running”意思相同。
正确选项： E。
3. 写作手法
常考的写作手法有： comparison 比较， analogy 类比， metaphor 比喻(暗喻)， simile 比喻(明喻)，anecdote 轶事( personal experience)， irony/sarcasm 讽刺， quotation 引用， understatement 保守的陈述，overstatement/exaggeration 夸张等。
e.g. Both passages make use of which of the following?
(A) Political allusion
(B) Direct quotation
(C) Rhetorical questioning
(D) Personal anecdote
(E) Extended metaphor
原文：
Passage 1
As late as 1996 a prominent archaeologist, Frederick Hadleigh West, could state that
"Clovis is taken to be the basal, the founding, population for the Americas.“
Passage 2
"Most archaeologists have a continental mind-set," says anthropologist Robson
Bonnichsen, "but the peopling of the Americas is likely to be tied very much to the development and spread of maritime adaptation."
解题思路： 写作手法。很容易就可以找到，两篇文章中都有直接引用。
正确选项： B。
4. 类比题
类比题是每年必考题型，需要找出原文中的特点，然后对应选项中哪个选项可以和原文的特点完全对应，就是要找的选项。
e.g. Which of the following most resembles the relationship between "black hole activity" and "star formation” (lines 11-12) as described in the passage?
(A) A volcanic eruption on one continent results in higher rainfall totals on another continent.
(B) Industrial emissions in one region lead to an increase in airborne pollutants in adjacent regions.
(C) A drought in a wilderness area causes a significant loss of vegetation in that area.
(D) Decreased oil production in one country results in higher gas prices in oil-dependent countries.
(E) Over-fishing in a gulf leads to an increase in the population of smaller aquatic organisms.
原文：
So it has come as a surprise over the past decade that black hole activity is closely
intertwined with star formation occurring farther out in the galaxy.
解题思路：
题中出现 “most resembles” ，说明这是道类比题; 类比题的解题思路关键在于：
找到原文中的两者关系：回到原文定位细节，我们发现， black hole activity 和 star formation 的关系是 “closely intertwined” 紧密相关，并且“occurring farther out” 地理位置很远。
正确选项： A。
5. 作用题/列举/举例的作用
排比/举例/括号/破折号的作用是一种常考题型，一般都是对前面观点的一个 support 或者具体解释说明的作用。
e.g. In lines 18-22, the three sentences beginning with "They" primarily serve to
(A) lament students' lack of interest in traditional learning
(B) condemn those who profit, by pandering to children
(C) enumerate the failings of the educational system
(D) indicate ways in which children are shortchanged
(E) specify how comic books might be improved
原文：
Children spend an enormous amount of time on comic books, but their gain is nil.
They do not learn how to read a serious book or magazine.
They do not gain a true picture of the West from the "Westerns." They do not learn
about any normal aspects of sex, love, or life.
解题思路：这里三个they开头的排比句就是在具体说明前一句的观点 ：
Children spend an enormous amount of time on comic books, but their gain is nil。
孩子们花了很多时间在漫画书上，但是却没什么收获。即漫画书对孩子们的消极影响。
正确选项： D。
6. 求同题
求同题一般是双篇的第一道题，找准两篇文章的共同点就可以了。如果双篇立场不同，一般双方都同意的一点是这个 debate 所基于的一个假设，或者也有可能出现文中的一个细节。这道题也可以放在双长篇最后做。
e.g. The author of each passage argues that people use their nations' history as a way to
(A) bring about harmony among disparate groups
(B) settle disputes over important precedents
(C) make decisions about future actions
(D) influence citizens of other nations
(E) create myths fostering patriotism
原文：
Passage 1
Although when we use the word "history" we instinctively think of the past, this is an error, for history is actually a bridge connecting the past with the present and pointing the road to the future.
Passage 2
Past heroism breeds future heroism, past cowardice the cowardice of the future. History tends to repeat itself by a process of almost deliberate imitation.
解题思路： 找出双篇共同点。根据以上内容，历史对未来有指引作用。
正确选项： C。
7. 交叉题
这是双长的必考题型。 A 怎么看 B，这种题目我们需要明确 A 的观点，找与 A立场相同的选项。
二、 必考词汇：
开心： delighted, pleased, excited, exhilarated, cheerful, ebullient, enthusiastic,
赞成： appreciate, admire, celebrate, espouse, champion, commend, endorse
同情： sympathetic, compassion, pitiful
诙谐： humorous, witty, amusing, jocular, wry
客观： detached, objective, impartial, analytical,
伤感： wistful, sentimental, nostalgic,
沉思： reflective, melancholy,
其他： enlightening, cautious, reflective, nostalgic,
嘲 讽 ： deride, derisive, jeer, mock, scorn, sarcasm, irony, satire, scoff, ridiculous,
ludicrous, comical, facetious,
伤心： sorrow, wrench, bitterness, grief, distress
惊讶： amaze, astonish, astound, surprise,
担 忧 ： anxiety, insecurity, apprehensive, somber, gloomy, depressing, dreary, glum,
sullen, distress, uneasy, upset, annoying,
怀疑： distrust, doubt/dubious/doubtful, skeptical, incredulous, suspicious, disbelief,
批 评 ： criticize, condemn, reject, disapprove, reprove, admonish, deny, denounce,
repudiate,
反 对 ： disparage, disdain, disrespect, contempt, devalue, defy/defiance, depreciate,
despise, refute
尴尬： embarrass, abash, humiliate, mortify, awkward, discomfiture
沮丧： frustrated, disappointed, dismay,
恩赐： condescending, patronizing，
困惑： puzzle, baffle, confuse, perplex, dumbfounded
矛盾： bittersweet, ambivalent, paradoxical, incompatible
困惑： puzzle, baffle, confuse, perplex, bewilder, dumbfounded
嫉妒： cynicism, begrudge, envious
傲慢： arrogant, insolent, haughty, impertinent,
古怪： whimsical, capricious
贪婪： greedy, avaricious, grasping,
冷漠： indifferent, lukewarm, unsympathetic, nonchalant, apathetic, callousness (麻木不仁)
愤 怒： rage, outrage, wrath, exasperation, irritation, indignation, resentment, vexation,irate其他： indulgent(放纵的) , paranoia(妄想的、多疑的) , hostile(有敌意的) , resigned(逆来顺受的) , mischievous(调皮的;恶作剧的;恶意的) , moralistic(是非观念坚定的;道学的;说教的)
SAT CRITICAL READING:
填空部分：
一，因果关系的逻辑是必考题。
我们看逻辑当然是从关系词来判定。常出现的因果关系的关系词有： so——that 和 such ---that。
单空题：这种情况，空格处在 so/such 后面，对应的关键词一定在 that 后面。相反，也一样。
1. Oren missed the play's overarching significance, focusing instead on details so minor
that they would best be described as ______.
A. pragmatic
B. indelible
C. moribund
D. picayune=minor
E. Impervious
E. a felicitous
双空题：空格处分别位于 so/such 和 that 后面，这种情况两个空格意思是差不多的，直接去选项里面找同
义词组的那个选项。
The new antifungal has such ______ uses from treating Dutch elm disease to rescuing
water-damaged works of art from molds, that it is considered one of the more ______
antibiotics.
A. disturbing…explicit
B. innovative…precipitous
C. mysterious…recognized
D. varied…versatile -----------(varied=versatile)
E. similar…discriminating
二， 除以上的因果逻辑关系外，最常出现的题型是 Because_____,、、、、、、、。或是Because、、、、、， ______.
这种题型最常让我们填进去的词性是形容词，这种题型我们就从另外一句中找到关键词，形容词做关键词是最好用的，直接对应就好。
1. Because rap and hip-hop offer such ______ commentary on contemporary issues,
they are often said to be sharp-edged musical genres.
A. nebulous
B. trenchant= sharp-edged
C. circumspect
D. prosaic
E. Benign
E. Inchoate
三， 冒号的逻辑关系也是很常见的高频题型。 我们也按照单空和双空来看。
单空的题型一般都是______:、、、、、、、、、这个时候我们直接看后面的信息即可，这个很好理解，后面的内容是直接解释说明空格处的。
1. Jared has the habits of ______: he lives simply and donated most of his income to
local charities.
A. a skeptic
B. a pundit
C. a dilettante
D. an insurgent
E. an ascetic= he lives simply and donated most of his income to local charities
双空的题型一般都是______:_______ 这种题型的做法，我们先去解决第二个空格，再来做第一个空格。
1. Suffrage leader Carrie Chapman Catt was known for ______: she avoided controversy,
welcomed compromise, and _____ her foes.
A. appeasement .. vanquished
B. duplicity .. confounded
C. conciliation .. placated
D. erudition .. mollified
E. magnanimity .. Subjugated
第 1 步 avoided controversy、 welcomed compromise= __ placated ___ her foes
第 2 步 avoided controversy、 welcomed compromise、 placated her foes = conciliation
四， 这一种逻辑是现在分词、过去分词或是同位语的解释关系。
最常见的题型一般都是______，、、、、、、、、、这个时候我们直接看后面的信息即可。
1. Benjamin Franklin was renowned for being a -----, having delved deeply into fields as
diverse as politics, business, diplomacy, statecraft, science, and publishing.
(A) sycophant
(B) pedant
(C) pundit
(D) nemesis
(E) polymath= having delved deeply into fields as diverse as politics、、、 (现在分词)
五， 对比的逻辑也是很重要的题型。
常见的的逻辑词有 rather than ,instead of ,not so much as。关系词前后意思相反。
1.In her movie Chololat, filmmaker Claire Denis shuns _____ and attempts instead to
depict events as realistically as possible.
A. probability
B. clarity
C. repetition
D. elation
E. Artificiality