春节习俗英文简介Customs of the Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and also the most important one of the whole year. Through the evolvement of thousands of years， a series of customs are spreading far and wide.
扫尘 Sweeping the Dust
“Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(尘)in Chinese， which means old and past. In this way， "sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word， just before the Spring Festival comes， every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
贴春联 Pasting Spring Couplets
“The Spring Couplet”， also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”， is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription， usually an auspicious phrase， above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival， every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past， the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them， while nowadays， it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
贴窗花和“福”字 Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”
英语新年手抄报图1
Paper-cuts， usually with auspicious patterns， give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows， it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”， big and small， on walls， doors and doorposts around the houses. "Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.
守岁 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve
The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year， who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore， on every New Year’s Eve， every household would have supper together. After dinner， no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together， chatting and emboldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed. Thus in China， "celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”。 However， now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.
贴年画 Pasting New Year Prints
The custom of pasting New Year Prints originated from the tradition of placing Door Gods on the external doors of houses. With the creation of board carvings， New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods， Surplus Year after Year， Three Gods of Blessing， Salary and Longevity， An Abundant Harvest of Crops， Thriving Domestic Animals and Celebrating Spring. Four producing areas of New Year Print are Tɑohuɑwu of Suzhou， Yɑngliuqing of Tianjin， Wuqiɑng of Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China， while it is seldom followed in cities.
英语新年手抄报图2
《元宵灯节源于何时?》
农历正月十五夜，是我国民间传统的庆典元宵节，俗称又叫“灯节”。旧习元宵之夜，城里乡间，到处张灯结彩，观花灯，猜灯谜，盛况空前。届时，不论皇室贵戚，平民百姓，深闺淑女，均可破常规，顺习俗。制灯玩赏，出游嬉闹。唐诗人崔液作诗道：“玉漏银壶且莫催，铁关金锁彻明开;谁家见月能闲坐，何处闻灯不看来?”平时足不涉户的闺阁女子，往往乘此机会与意中人谈情相会。宋辛弃疾《元夕》词云：“东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。宝马雕车香满路。凤箫声动，玉壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞。蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。众里寻他千百度。蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。”形象生动地展现了元宵灯会狂欢之夜，情人急于纲会，望眼欲穿，“踏破铁鞋无觅处”，见时就在眼前的有趣场景。
唐宋明清，元宵灯了成了年节中重要的民众娱乐活动。墨客骚人，常常吟诗作画，作为增添雅兴。今天，元宵放灯、观灯，仍是中国广大地区人民喜闻乐见的民俗娱乐活动。特别是近几年，出现了空前繁荣的景象。人们喜欢元宵灯节，可它究竟是什么时候起源的呢?
一种意见认为元宵灯节形成了唐代。《七修类稿》云：“元宵放灯，起唐开元之间，……从十四至十六夜，后增至五夜。”林达祖的看法与《七修类稿》稍有不同。他在《唐宋时代元宵看灯的盛况》一文中根据《旧唐书》有关睿宗的记载：“景龙四年，上元夜帝与皇后微行看灯，因幸中书令萧至忠之第。至丁卯夜又微行看灯。”认为“元宵灯节在明皇的父亲睿宗朝代已盛行了”。
英语新年手抄报图3
另一种意见认为元宵灯节是汉代传下来的。唐代徐坚《初学记》云：“《史记·乐书》曰汉家祀太一，以昏时祠到明。今人正月望日夜游观灯是其遗事。”《初学记》是受命于唐玄宗，为太子们学习文化而编纂的书籍。书中“令人正月望日夜游观灯”显然是指玄宗时代。《灯节小史》作者观今从《御览》引《史记·乐书》的说法，又据《曲洧旧闻》所载“唐沿汉武帝祠太乙自昏至明故事”，认为元宵灯节“看来是成于汉初的一种特殊事体，并不认为是一种娱乐”。罗启荣、欧仁煊在1983年9月出版的《中国年节》中认为：“汉文帝是周勃勘平‘诸吕之乱’以后上台的。勘平之日是正月十五。每逢这天夜晚，汉文帝都要出宫游玩，‘与民同乐’。‘夜’在古语中又叫‘宵’，于是，汉文帝就把正月十五这一天定为元宵节。不过，当时还没有放灯习俗。到了汉明帝永平十年(公元67年)，蔡愔从印度求得了佛法，汉明帝为了提倡佛教，敕令在元宵节点灯，以表示对佛教的尊敬。这是元宵节放灯的起源。”
还有一种意见认为元宵节源于释道的宗教活动。《涅盘经》曰：“如来 维讫，收舍利罂置金床上，天人散花奏乐，绕城步步燃灯十二里。”又《西域记》曰：摩喝陁国，正月十五日，僧徒俗众云集，观佛舍利放光雨花。而《岁时杂记》记载说，这是沿道教的陈规。道教把正月十五灯节称为“上元节“。最近出现一种新说法据1985年第1期《民间文学论坛》所载的《灯节的起源与发展》一文认为，元宵灯节“最早起源于对火的崇拜”，“原始人发明了火之后”，“认为神秘的火能驱赶走一切妖魔鬼怪”。相沿成习，最先形成仪式活动的，便是“傩”，“傩”是一种持火驱鬼的习俗活动，其“原始形态，可追溯至久远的上古时代”。
关于灯节的起源，民间传说更是纷纭不一。有的传说，隋炀帝色迷心窍，欲娶自己的妹妹。妹妹硬扭不过，借托除非正月十五出现繁星满地的奇迹，才可成婚。隋炀帝下令京城四周百姓到十五日晚每户燃灯火，违令者斩。至十五日晚，妹妹登楼见满地都是灯火，误以为真是繁星落地，纵身投河自戕。为了纪念这位不甘凌辱的女子，民间百姓每逢正月十五都燃起了灯火。有的传说，灯节源于汉武帝。当时宫女元宵正月过后想念家中父母，宫深禁严，怎么外出相会呢?足智多谋的东方朔得知后很同情，便设计成全她们，他先散布谣言，说火神君将派员火烧长安城，城里宫内一片恐慌。后又向武帝献计，十五晚上宫廷内人员一律外出避灾，满城大街小巷，庭院屋门，都挂上红灯，好像满城大火，以骗过天上观望监视的火神。武帝允诺，宫女们元宵遂趁机与家人相会。从此，每逢正月十五都要放灯。还有的传说，元宵灯会源于民间的“放哨火”等农事习惯。每年正月十五左右，春耕即将来临，各地农民忙于备耕等工作。一些地区的农民就在这天晚上到地里把枯枝杂草拢在一起，放火烧掉，以除虫害。