英语历史时期：
一、古英语时期——公元449年至1100年
古英语时期共有四种主要方言：
(1)诺森伯里亚方言--洪伯河(the Humber)以北的方言。
(2)梅尔西亚方言--界乎洪伯河与泰晤士河之间的英国中部地区的方言。
(3)肯特(Kentish)方言--居住在英国东南部地区的朱特人的方言。
(4)西撤克逊方言--泰晤士河以南的方言。诺森伯里亚和梅尔西亚这两种方言又合称盎格里亚方言，即盎格鲁人居住地区的方言。
二、中古英语时期——公元1100年至1500年
三、现代英语时期——公元1500年至今
现代英语时期又细分为：
(1)早期现代英语时期——公元1500年至1700年;
(2)后期现代英语时期——公元1700年至当前。
英语寓言小故事
Making His Mark “刻舟求剑”
A man from the state of Chu was taking a boat across a river when he dropped his sword into the water carelessly. Immediately he made a mark on the side of the boat where the sword dropped, hoping to find it later. When the boat stopped moving, he went into the water to search for his sword at the place where he had marked the boat. As we know, the boat had moved but the sword had not. Isn’t this a very foolish way to look for a sword?
楚国有个人坐船渡江时，他不小心把自己的一把宝剑掉落江中。他马上掏出一把小刀，在宝剑落水的船舷上刻上一个记号。船靠岸后，那楚人立即从船上刻记号的地方跳下水去捞取掉落的宝剑。他怎么找得到宝剑呢?船继续行驶，而宝剑却不会再移动。像他这样去找剑，真是太愚蠢可笑了。
To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助长”
Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying.
从前，有个农夫，种了稻苗(seedlings)后，便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田时，都发觉那些稻苗长得非常慢。他等得很不耐烦。想了又想，他终于想到一个“最佳方法”，他将稻苗全都拔高了几分。第二天，一早起身，他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。 哪知，却看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。