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英文引用参考文献格式要求
参考文献的引用是否科学、合理和充分,是判断一篇学术论文学术水平的重要指标,以下是小编搜集整理的英文引用及参考文献格式,欢迎阅读查看。
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是:姓,名字的首字母.如:MalcolmRichardCowley应为:Cowley,M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为:Norris,F.&I.Gordon.;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature,EnglishWeekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.
【举例】
[1]王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58. [2]夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.
[3]Heider,E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspaceinnamingandmemoryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch,1999,(3):62–67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】[4]葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42.
[5]Gill,R.MasteringEnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan,1985:42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).
【举例】
[6]李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报,1998-12-27(3).
[7]French,W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].AtlanticWeekly,198715(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.
【举例】
[8]伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.
参考文献范例:
[1]Leea H, Park S- Quantitative effects of mattress types(comfortable vs uncomfortable)on sleep quality through polysomnography and skin temperature[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2006,36(11)。
[2]Roy J E, Dick F S, Eus J W.Skin temperature and sleep-onset latency: Changes with age and insomnia [J]. Physiology Behavior, 2007, 90(2-3): 257~266.
[3]Hyunja L, Sejin P. Quantitative effects of mattress types (comfortable vs. uncomfortable) on sleep quality through poly-somnography and skin temperature[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006, 36(11): 943一949.
[4]Miguel L T, Rosa P J. Objective firmness, average pressure and subjective perception in mattresses for the elderly [ J].Applied Ergonomics, 2008, 39(1):123-130.
[5]Ling L T,Hau M L.Effects of bedding systems selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related respiratory disturbances [J] .Applied Ergonomics, 2008,39(2):261-270.
[6]Haex B. Back and bed: Ergonomic Aspects of Sleeping CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL, 2004.
[7]Hildebrandt V H, Back pain in the working population: prevalence rates in Dutch trades and professions [J]. Ergonomics, 1995, 38.
[8]Lee H, Park S. Quantitative effects of mattress type on sleep quality through polysomnography and skin temperature [J]. Industrial Ergonomics, 2006, 36:934-949.
[9]Jacobson B H,Wallace T J, Smith D B, et al. Grouped comparisons of sleep quality for new and personal bedding systems [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2007,39.
[10]Bader.GQ Engdal S. The influence of bed firmness on sleep quality [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2000,31.
[11]BUCKXEP, FERN ANDES A. Mattress evaluation-assessment of a cont act pres sure,comfort and discomfort [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1998,29(1)。
[12]DE VOCHTAJW, WILDERB D Q BANDST RABER. Biomechanical evaluation of our different mattresses [J]. Applied Ergonomics,2006,37(3)。
[13]Allyson Tenney.Technical Rationale for the Standard for the Flammability (Open Flame) of Mattress Sets and Responses to Related Public Comments[J].Engineering Sciences,2006(6)。
[14]Alihankaa J,Vaahtorantaa K. A static charge sensitive bed:A new method for recording body movements during sleep Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,1979,46 (6)。
[15]Slater K. Human comfort[M], Spring.eld. IL,1985.
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