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赠与诺言的效力分析
摘 要
赠与诺言是赠与人单方向受赠人发出的意思表示，是1种单方允诺的民事法律行为。而赠与合同是双方当事人意思表示1致的结果，即赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人，受赠人表示接受赠与的合同。2者产生的基点都是由赠与人引发的，为自己预先设定某种义务，而赋予对方当事人无偿取得某物的权利。在我国《合同法》颁布之前，司法实务界与理论界对赠与合同的定性争论不休，为了规范赠与人与受赠人的权利义务关系，合同法把它规定为诺成性合同，但对赠与诺言的相关规定却知之甚少。相反英美合同法却对赠与诺言的研究是比较深入的，它突破了传统的对价理论的模式，建立了信赖理论，并在此基础上提出了“允诺禁反言”原则。它把赠与人的道德义务上升为法律义务，即赠与人应当遵守允诺，不得食言。借鉴英美合同法对赠与诺言的研究成果进1步丰富和完善我国合同法。
关键词：赠与诺言；赠与合同；英美合同法；信赖利益；允诺禁反言
Abstract
The donation of promise means the donor’s unilateral expression of intention to the donee, a sort of unilateral action in the civil law. While the donative contract is the result of the same intention of the bilateral litigants, the donor gives his/her property gratuitously to the donee and the latter accepts the donation. The basic point of the two is both produced by the donor, establishing a certain right for himself/herself, and making the donee have the right to get something free. Before the contract law is promulgated in our country, the judicatory department enforcing the law and the judicatory theoreticians argued about the nature of the donative contract. In order to regulate the relationship between right and obligation of donor and donee, the contract law regulates the donation contract as undertaking contract, but has little idea of the regulations related to the donation of promise. On the contrary, Anglo-American contract law, breaking the traditional Consideration theory type, creating the reliance theory and putting forward the doctrine of promissory estopped on its basis, has profound research about the donation of promise. It ascends the donor’s moral obligation to legal obligation, i.e. the donor ought not to break his/her promise. Using the achievements about the donation of promise in Anglo-American contract law for reference can enrich and perfect the contract law in our country.
Key words: the donation of promise ; the donative contract; Anglo-Ameri-
can contract law; the reliance interest; promissory estopped
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注：【包括：毕业论文，任务书，开题报告】
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