侵权法上的过错问题
摘 要
过错在侵权行为法中的重要性，已是我国法学界所公认的事实。然而，对于与过错有关的几个关键性问题，如过错的本质、过错的认定标准，法学界并未有过系统的论述。主观过错的不足之处在于将意志和行为彼此分离,不能真正揭示过错的概念且限制行为人的责任。而采用客观过错说能更好地揭示过错的本质，过错是客观的。过错的客观认定标准不仅降低了受害人的举证负担，最大限度保护了受害人的利益，同时也为法官在认定加害人行为时提供了更为有效的方法。我国侵权法中的过错认定在法律有明文规定时依照法律规定,当法律没有规定时采取客观过错标准。
关键词：合理人；“良家父”；过错侵权；客观过错标准
Abstract
The importance of fault in tort behavior law, it is the fact that has been recognized by the law circle of our country. However, there is no systematic exposition on several critical problems concerning fault such as the essence of fault and the judgment standard of fault. The disadvantage of the view of “subjective fault” is to separate the will with the action, and thus cannot reveal the notion of fault and cannot restrict the responsibility of the action taker. By contrast, the view of “objective fault” can better reveal the essence of fault that fault is objective. The objective view of fault judgement not only lessens the burden of victim to present evidence but also protects the victims interest to the most extent, and offer a more effective way to the judge to define the action of injury-taker. Whether the behavior does have the fault is judged according to legal rule when there is one or according to the objective fault standard of judgement when there isnt such a rule.
Keyword：the Reasonable Man； bonus patter families； negligence；Objective fault standard
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