违约责任补偿性之反思

违约责任补偿性之反思

摘     要

    违约责任的补偿性作为民法中平等原则的1个体现在我们社会业已深入人心。随着经济的发展，社会关系的复杂，补偿性违约责任显现出了自身的不足，如对恶意磋商等不法行为造成守约方的间接损失、精神损失无法进行弥补以及无法对这些不法行为进行遏制；受害者因很难查清实际损失，或损失难以证明而无法得到法律救济。这就需要导入惩罚性赔偿来制裁和遏制不法行为的发生，弥补1般补偿性违约责任不能弥补的损失。当然也有人持反对意见，认为它与传统民法理念冲突且会带来许多不利的影响。但笔者认为导入惩罚性赔偿制度是1种需要，也是1种趋势。不过我们需要对其进行1定的限制，克服惩罚性赔偿本身的局限性，从而发挥其较好的作用。同时我们必须坚持违约责任的补偿性为主要原则，惩罚性只能是补偿性的补充，而绝不能是代替，这是导入惩罚性赔偿制度的前提。

关键词:  违约责任；补偿性； 惩罚性； 实证分析

Abstract

The compensability of obligation of breaching a contract considered as a reflection of equal principle in the civil law, and already has penetrated deeply into the heart of the people in our society. With the development of the economy and the complication of the society relations, the compensative obligation of breaching a contract appears own insufficiency. For examples: the indirect loss and the spiritual loss can’t be compensated, which caused by the illegal acts such as the vicious negotiation; the compensative obligation of breaching a contract is unable to restraint the illegal acts; the victims wouldn’t obtain the remedy of law because they are difficult to make the virtual loss clear, or to prove the loss existed. Thus we need to introduce the punitive damages into the contract law to eliminate these defections. Some hold opposite opinions that the punitive damages come into conflict with the traditional idea in the civil law and it would bring about many disadvantages to our country. But the author of this article insists that it should be a necessary and also a trend. Of course, we need to carry on certain limit to it so that plays it good role because of the limitations of the punitive damages itself. At the same time we must persist that the compensative obligation of breaching a contract is the main principle .The punitive damages only can be the supplement ,but cannot be replaces. This is a prerequisite to introduce the punitive damages.

Key word: Obligation of breaching a contract;   Compensative;    Punitive;   
The real evidence analysis
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注：【包括：毕业论文，任务书，开题报告】

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