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探析高考英语书面表达备考策略
摘要:书面表达在高考英语中起着举足轻重的作用,因此,训练学生的书面表达是高中英语教学的重要内容之一。本文从几个方面谈论了高考英语书面表达的备考策略。关键词:书面表达;高考;备考策略
书面表达在高考英语中起着举足轻重的作用,因此,训练学生的书面表达是高中英语教学的重要内容之一。如何提高高三学生的书面表达能力是高三英语教学的一大课题。高考英语书面表达的三个基本要求是切题、达意和连贯。而语言表述不当和写作技巧缺失是阻碍考生得分的主要原因,主要表现在审题不清,内容不全、语法混乱、词法误用、拼写错误、母语思维、书写潦草、卷面不整洁等多方面。针对学生存在的诸多问题,我们从以下方面着手训练备考:
一、强化基础知识
扎实的基本功是写好书面表达的前提和基础。在第一轮复习中,狠抓词汇、短语和常用句型,要求学生熟记单词,掌握单词的语意和用法,短语使用得体,句型使用符合英语习惯。通过英汉互译,句中练,练中改,从易到难,循序渐进,让学生拥有一定的语言基础。
1.强调容易拼写错误的单词
例如:I belive we will make a difference some day. (belive应为believe)
Nowdays more and more students carry mobilephones on campus. (nowdays应为nowadays)
I am writting to tell you that… (writting应为writing)
2.辨析相似词汇
为了让学生分辨单词live和stay之间的区别,要求学生结合语境选出正确的答案:
He was born in a small village in 1980. Since then, he has______ there.(lived)
He is going to America to spend his holiday this summer. He plans to _____ there for a month. (stay)
为了让学生辨别与“家”有关的单词family, house 和 home,要求学生做如下英汉互译练习:
他家要搬走了:His family is going to move.
他要搬新家了:He is going to move to a new house.
他全家都是老师:His family are all teachers.
他家被烧毁了,他的家人也去世了,他暂时栖身在宾馆。His house was burnt and his family were dead, so he made her home in a hotel for a time.
通过做此练习,学生基本上能分辨这三个词:指家庭和家里的人,但不指住房;指住宅,居住的房屋;是一个带感情色彩的词,指全家人共同生活的地方,不一定含有特定建筑物的意思,但特别强调家的氛围和环境。
3.辨清词性,避免词法误用
During you are here, you can stay with us. (during是介词,这里需要连词while)
With time goes by we come to love him. (with是介词,这里需要连词as)
Most people against the plan. (against是介词,不是动词,需要在其前加are)
I sure that we’ll succeed one day. (sure是形容词,不是动词,需要在其前加am)
二、从词到句,从句到篇
许多学生一提起写书面表达,叫苦连连,恐惧之情呈现在脸上。为了帮助学生克服这种畏难情绪,笔者给出部分单词或短语连词成句,连句成篇,把书面表达化难为易,促使学生直接用英语思维,避免汉式英语,有利于减少学生书面表达中的错误,增强学生学习英语的信心。
1.使用部分信息,写出一短话
例如:I invited a friend to dinner——expensive restaurant——good meal——asked for the bill——not enough money——borrowed some from my guest
The day before yesterday I invited a friend to dinner. It was an expensive restaurant and we had a good meal. When I asked for the bill, I found I didn’t have enough money. So I had to borrow some from my guest. How embarrassed I was!
2.给出相应的动词,“搭桥”成篇
运用该方法时,教师应引导学生依据表达的内容,选择相应的动词,然后补全这些动词的主语和宾语等,最后连句成篇。例如,笔者让学生做2008年北京高考试题中的书面表达时采用了以下做法:
第一步,动作呈现:(让学生根据画面说出表达主要动作的短语)
have a class meeting;come up with;decide to go;set off early;enjoy a beautiful view;reach the top;find litter;pick up the litter;put into
第二步,补全句子:
We had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing.
We came up with several choices.
We decided to go mountain climbing.
We set off early in the morning
We enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
When we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there.
We started to pick up the litter.
We put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin.
第三步,连句并稍加修饰成篇:
Last Thursday, we had a clas
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