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《诗经》婚恋诗的民俗意义
摘 要
《诗经》中的婚恋诗，以高度的艺术概括力揭示了当时的社会现实和婚姻现象的某些本质，具体而生动地再现了远古时代人们的婚恋生活和情感世界。西周时期人们的婚恋，既有尚古之荒蛮自由，又开始受严格的宗法礼制的约束；既有对原始社会婚恋风俗的传承，又向封建婚恋风俗的过渡。因此，从民俗意义的视角研读《诗经》婚恋诗，从而获知中国古代早期的婚姻观念、礼俗和婚恋生活习俗，更有助于今天的读者认识《诗经》的艺术原貌以及当时的社会风貌。
本文从3个方面来提示《诗经》时代人们的婚恋生活原貌，首先主要分析当时人们的婚姻观念，即《诗经》时代人们的婚姻目的和男女双方在家庭生活中的地位，其次通过分析诗歌对当时人们的自由恋爱产生的环境和当时人们约会的1些情形作了介绍，最后着重分析周代的婚姻观念和等级观念对婚姻的影响以及当时的婚嫁仪式。
关键字：诗经；婚恋诗；民俗意义
ABSTRACT
"Poetry" the center love and marriage poem, has promulgated then social reality and the marital phenomenon certain essences by the high artistic summary strength, specifically and vividly has reappeared the ancient times time peoples love and marriage life and the emotion world. Western Zhou Dynasty time peoples love and marriage, both had still the ancient uncultivated land to be free, and started the strict clanlaw restraint; Both has to the primitive society love and marriage custom inheritance, and to feudal love and marriage custom transition. Therefore, reads "Poetry" from the folk custom significance angle of view the love and marriage poem, thus learned China ancient times the early marital idea, the ritual were vulgar and the love and marriage life custom, was helpful knows "Poetry" to today reader the artistic original condition as well as then social style.
This article prompts "Poetry" from three aspects the time peoples love and marriage life original condition, first mainly analyzed at that time peoples marital idea, namely "Poetry" the time peoples marital goal and the male and female both sides in family life status, next the environment which free to choose a mate produced at that time to the people and people appointment some situations has made the introduction at that time through the analysis poetry, finally emphatically analyzed the Zhou Dynasty the marital idea and the rank idea to the marriage the influence as well as then marriage ceremony.
Key words: Poetry; Love and marriage poem; Folk custom;significance.
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