试卷商务英语高级阅读练习题附详解六
Your Career Path Can Lead You AnywhereWe used to be advised to plan our careers. We were told to make a plan during the later stages of our education and continue with it through our working lives.(0)_____ some people still see careers in this way. However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic.
Planning for a single career assumes that we set out with a full understanding of our likes and dislikes and the employment opportunities open to us. (9)____ For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.
Our initial choice of career path and employer is often based on inadequate knowledge and false perceptions. But with age and experience, we develop new interests and aptitudes and our priorities alter. The structure of the employment market and, indeed of employment itself, is subject to change as both new technologies and new work systems are introduced (10) _____ We must face the uncertainties of a portfolio career.
It is clear from the recent past that we cannot foresee the changes which will affect our working lives. The pace of change is accelerating , as a result of which traditional career plans will be of very limited use. (11)_____ They will need updating to reflect changes in our own interests as well as in the external work environment. Flexible workers already account for about half the workforce. (12)______ We are likely to face periods as contract workers, self-employed freelances, consultants, temps or part-timers.
Many employers encourage staff to write a personal development development (PDP) (13) Although some people use it only to review the skills needed for their job, a PDP could be the nucleus of wider career plan –setting out alternative long-term learning needs and a plan of self-development.
A report issued by the Institute of Employment Studies advises people to enhance their employability by moving from traditional technical skills towards the attainment of a range of transferable skills. (14) Instead, special schemes should be established to encourage people to examine their effectiveness and to consider a wider range of needs.
A This dual effect means that the relationship between employers and workers has evolved to such and extent that we can no longer expect a long-term relationship with one employer.
B. It carries an implicit assumption that we ourselves, and the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
C. This growth suggests that a career plan should not be expressed only in terms of full-time employment but should make provision for the possibility of becoming one of the.
D this is a summary of one’s personal learning needs and an action plan to meet them.
E Consequently, they must now accommodate a number of objectives and enable us to prepare for each on a contingency basis.
F However, it warns that employers often identify training needs through formal appraisals, which take too narrow a view of development.
G Such a freelance of consultant would be constantly in demand.
H We were expected to work towards that one clear goal and to consider a career change as a bad thing.
这篇文章是关于career-planning services的，职业生涯的规划问题。文章没有说一些假、大、空的话，句句都很实在，认为人不可能一开始就认清自己的职业方向，不可能一开始就清楚自己喜欢什么适合什么，一切都有一个过程。这些对我们都是启示。
文章第一段开头先说了传统的规划职业生涯的建议。最后一句很重要，揭示了下文的方向：However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic。这一句直接和第二段的空的内容挂钩。一生只追求一个选择是不现实的。第九空的后面说For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.。这里的this degree of certainty是指代的前面的内容，意思很明白，说的是职业方向不会变化。选项中内容符合这一点的是B：the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
第十题。这一段讲随着技术的变化和新的工作系统的引进，就业市场的结构也会跟着变化。我们必须面对职业生涯的不确定性。很明显，第十空的内容说的是变化，关于employment的，满足这一个条件的选项是A：雇主和员工之间的关系发生了演变，我们已经不能指望与一个雇主保持长久的关系了。
第十一题，这一段是承接上文讲的变化。Change是重点，怎么样适应change。这一空的前面说传统的职业计划的用处已经非常有限（traditional career plans will be of very limited use），这一空的后面讲的是具体的适应变化的方法，用的动词非常明显，updating。所以从逻辑上看，这里填入一个承上启下的表示要变化的句子是最合适的。选E，accommodate a number of objectives，适应一些目标。
第十二题，前面说flexible workers已经占据了劳动力的一半。后面说我们已经进入了一个劳动力市场成分多样化的时期。空格填入的内容应该是和劳动力市场的这种转变有关。选C。C选项this growth指的是前面说的flexible workers所占比重增加，a full time employment和flexible workers是对应的。
第十三题，这题很明显，鼓励员工写个人发展计划（PDP）,后面就是介绍这个计划是什么。D选项，非常明显的答案。
第十四题，这一空前面说建议人们通过从传统的技能转向可转变的技能来增强自己的受雇就业能力（employability）。空格后面的instead很关键，常常说明前面的意思发生了转折。这一空的后面说consider a wider range of needs，考虑一个更广泛的需求。一个instead，一个a wider range of needs，正好可以和F选项里的However和too narrow相对应上。 18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within an organization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手册，说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。这套题目有些特别，不像之前的阅读的第三部分，六道题目分别依次对应文章的六个段落，这题的答案稍微分散了些。
15题，答案很明显，但是选项很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people?- or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.减少了80000员工（或者说减少了35%的员工），预期还会减少更多。A选项是对的，made redundant是前面某套题目阅读的第五部分考过的词组；B不对，没有完成（completed），因为预期还会裁减更多（with further downsizing anticipated）；C也不对，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of 80.000，用了介词of，所以这句的意思是一共就80000员工，而实际情况是减少了80000员工；D不对，35%的员工被裁减，都是在自愿的基础上的，而不是离开的人中有35%是自愿的。
16题，问根据此人的观点，沟通的角色是什么。也就是问沟通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。沟通是为了帮助人树立自信，说服他们虽然要面临一些变化，但是同样也会拥有一些新的机会。说白了，就是鼓励这些被裁的人。答案选C，强调变化的积极方面。这里的positive aspects是对前面说的bring with them new opportunities的一个概括。（想起了电影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那个老男人的工作就是职业裁员专家，专门对被裁的人说些这样的话。）
17题，问调查显示大多数人对change的反应是什么。这题在答案中也很明显，但是选项很纠结。都有点似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多数员工的.反应就是很失望，甚至会很愤怒。个人觉得这题出的不够严谨，没有哪个选项能严格从原文中提炼出来。对比下D要好点，因为对公司失望和愤怒，就是觉得受到了不公正的待遇。此题有待高手补充更完美的理由。
18题，问沟通过程主要依赖于什么。答案是第五段的这句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜欢面对面的从直属经理那里获取信息。所以选C，个人的交流。
19题，问组织内部提供信息的指导准则是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。尽可能的快，尽可能的多。不能提供细节的，至少给个大致的背景消息（put the news in context）。时机成熟了，再告知更多。选B：在可能的最早的阶段让人有个总体的印象。
20题，给文章选标题。这种题在BEC的阅读里还真不多见。选标题，就是要挑选文章的最主要意思，从整体上把握文章的main ideas。这篇文章通篇说的就是communication，前面介绍了沟通的背景：裁员；接着说了员工对裁员的反应；然后最后两段，一段说员工喜欢什么样的沟通方式，一段说沟通的原则是什么。综合起来，就是关于怎样进行有效沟通的问题。选B。A不对，片面了，只是文中某部分的内容，并且这部分内容是为后面做背景介绍，不是主要的；C不对，不是简单的research，research仅仅是介绍状况，文章还有关于实现措施的。
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