formal term

时间:2020-10-20 09:12:09 商务英语 我要投稿

formal term

正式用语(formal term)
  合同英语有着严肃的风格,与其它英语作品有很大不同。
  例如:
  “因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ",远远多于“due to”一般不用“because of ”;
  “财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”,而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”;
  “在……之前”一般用“prior to”,而不用“before”;
  “关于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”,而不会用“about”;
  “事实上”用“in effect”,而不用“in fact”;
“开始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”;
  “停止做”用“cease to do”,而不用“stop to do”;
  “何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为:The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中“召开”不用“hold 或call”,而用“convene”;“主持”不用“chair”或“be in charge of ”,而用“preside”;
  “其他事项”用“miscellaneous”, 而不用“other matters/events”;
  “理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”,而不用“understand a contract”;
  “认为”用“deem”,用“consider”少,不用“think”或“believe”;
  “愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desrie to do”,而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”。
  用词专业(Technical Terms)
  合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移,它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的.“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解,在英语以上表达分别为defect、remedy、force majuere/Act of God、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虚词。这也是合同英语的一大特色。
  其它例子还有:
  “赔偿”用“indemnities”,而不用“compensation”
  “不动产转让”用“conveyance”,而不用“trnasfer of real estate”
  “房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“财产出租”用“lease of property”
  “停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business”
  专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalities”
  还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”,
  “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”
  以实物出资为“investment in kind”
  “依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等,不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”
  “合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”,其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
 

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