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职称英语综合类根据大意练习
职称英语综合类根据大意练习
Museums in the modern world
Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.
At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.
More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US., certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times.
The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US. and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.
In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.
1. paragraph 2 _________.
2. paragraph 3 _________.
3. paragraph 4 _________.
4. paragraph 5 _________.
A. causes of changes
B. increasing number of museums and visitors
C. museums getting closer to more spectators
D. movies shown in museums
E. new notions about the management of museums
F. places to visit
5. Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_______.
6. With the development of society, people, especially the young people, _____.
7. To meet the needs of society, more museums _____.
8. Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they ____.
A. have higher demands of museums
B. are open to more people with different social background
C. to lengthen their opening hours
D. charge too little for admission
E. have been built and open to public
F. by lowing the admission fees
1. C。 分析：借助段落中的语言特点―很明显地提到了各种类型的博物馆(science museum， Metropolitan Museum of Art， Modern Museum)， 首先推测这个段落可能在介绍博物馆的类型， 但是所给的被选项中没有这样的内容， 于是注意观察段落中的是否有总结句(观点句)， 这样在段落的结尾处发现“总结性”的结构“As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences”， 这个结构的内容是“正如上面这些例子所显示的那样， 博物馆正在向吸引新观众的方向发展”， 段落的最后一句中说“As a result, attendance is increasing(结果参观人数正在增加)”， 这两个句子都是总结性的句子， 它们的内容与B和C最接近， B中还提到了博物馆数量的增加， 但是这方面的信息在段落中根本没有出现， 因此判断C是答案。
2. E。 分析：可以利用被选项核心内容对应法(也就是分别利用被选项中的核心词作为答案线索， 对应的在段落中查找相关的用词和信息， 如果段落中没有相关信息的体现， 这该被选项一定不是答案选项。)来对选项进行一一的筛选：排除A：段落中没有谈到变化;排除B：段落中没有提到博物馆的数量;排除D：内容太具体， 而且段落中只有一句话提到了电影的播放;排除F：段落中只有一个句子提到了参观的地方， 综合上面的分析判断答案E(E中的核心词“管理notions(理念)”与段落第一句中的核心结构“More and more museums directors are realizing(越来越多的经理认识到)...”在内容上形成呼应)， 因此也更加确定了E是答案。
3. A。分析：段首句明确地提到了“造成变化的原因”， 而段落的第2句在接着谈“另一个原因”， 无疑“原因”是这一段的核心词， 因此A是答案。
4. B。 分析：抓住段落中的细节信息―数字。段落中出现表示博物馆数量和观众数量的数字，并均呈现增加的趋势，因此判断答案是B。
5. B。分析：可直接根据搭配句意(现在博物馆不再局限于对有特权的少数人开放，而是对有着不同社会背景的更多数人开放)和语法搭配结构判断B是答案。
6. A。 分析：可直接根据搭配句意(随着社会的发展，人们，尤其是年轻人对博物馆有了更高的要求)和语法搭配结构判断A是答案。
7. E。 可分析：直接根据搭配句意(为了满足社会的需要，更多的博物馆已经被修建起来，对公众开放)和语法结构判断E是答案。
8. D。 分析：可直接根据搭配句意(博物馆面临的两个主要问题是游客太多而它们门票收费太低)和语法结构判断D是答案。以上的完成句子题也都可以利用题干前面部分中出现的核心词/特征词作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句， 确认答案。 如第8题可以利用Two major problems(特征结构)作为答案线索，在文章最后一段中找到相关内容判断答案。
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