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状语从句如何翻译
状语从句内容丰富，涉及面广，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义，那么状语从句如何翻译呢?以下是小编整理的状语从句如何翻译，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、时间状语从句
在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when(当...的时候)，whenever(每当...)，as(当...时)， since(自从...)，until(直到...，如果不....)，till(直到...)，before(在...前)，after(在...后)，as soon as(一...就)，once(一旦...)，the moment(一...就)，immediately(一...就)，the day(在...那天)，no sooner... than(一...就)，hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就)，the instant(一...就)，instantly(一...就)，directly(一...就)，the minute(一...就)，the second(一...就)，every time(每当...)，by the time(等到....的时候)等。翻译的时候，一般翻译在主句的前面。
(一)译成相应的时间状语
While she spoke, the tears were running down.
她说话时，泪水直流。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
他结束讲话的时候，听众掌声雷动。
(二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他刚说出这些话，大家就沉默下来。
(三)译成条件句
由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外，有时候可以表示条件关系，
所以还可以翻译为条件句。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。
A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.
若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。
二、原因状语从句
英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：because(因为)，since(既然，由于)，as(因为)，now that(既然)，seeing that(既然)，considering that(考虑到，因为)，in that(在某方面)，in view of the fact that(鉴于)。在翻译的时候，大多数原因状语从句可以放在主句之前翻译。
(一)译成表示“原因”的分句，放在主句之前翻译，显示“前因后果”的关系。
The crops failed because the season was dry.
因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
(二)原因状语从句在汉语中的位置，常常是“前因后果”。然而，英语则比较灵活，状语从句可以在主句前，也可以在主句后面。所以在翻译为汉语译文时，也有放在后面的。如果把原因状语从句放在主句后面翻译的话，有时候可以用汉语的“之所以...是因为”的结构来连接。
A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.
气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。
He will get promoted, for he has done good work.
他将得到提升，因为他工作干得好。
Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.
理论之所以有价值，是因为它能给实践指出方向。
(三)not...because的结构
在翻译由because引导的具有否定意义的原因状语从句时，尤其要注意否定意义的表达一定要确切。not与because发生 关系，常常要翻译成“并不是因为...”。
The machine did not move because the fuel was used up.
机器停了下来，并不是因为燃料耗尽了。
三、条件状语从句
英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：if(如果)，unless(除非，如果不)，providing that(假如)，so long as(只要)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose that(假如)，in case(如果)，only if(只要)，if only(但愿，要是...就好了)等。条件状语从句在翻译的时候，可以翻译在主句之前，也可以翻译在主句后面，有时候，还可以根据上下文省略连接词。
(一)翻译在主句前面。
It was better in case they were captured.
要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。
If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.
假如你把一切都告诉我，那么我就能够作出决定。
(二)翻译在主句后面，用来补充说明条件。
“如果”、“要是”、“假如”等都是汉语中用来表示“假设”的常用关联词。汉语中表示“假设”的分句一般前置，但作为补充说明情况的分句则往往后置。
You can drive tonight if you are ready.
你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。
No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.
毫无疑问，我本来是可以赚到一点的，如果我真有那样打算的话。
四、让步状语从句
英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：though(虽然)，although(虽然)，even if(即使)，as(尽管)，while(尽管)，whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whoever(无论谁)，however(无论怎样)，no matter(不论，不管)，for all that(尽管)，granted that(即使)，in spite of that fact that(尽管)，despite the fact that(不管)等等。翻译的时候，通常把这些让步状语从句翻译在主句前面。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
不管我说什么，也不管我怎么说，他说是认为我错了。
While we can not see the air, we can feel it.
我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感觉到它。
Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.
即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。
五、目的状语从句
在英语中，连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：that(为了，以便)，so that(为了，以便)，lest(以防)，in case(以防，以免)，for fear that(以防)in order that(为了)等等。
(一)一般翻译在主句前面。
一般来说，这种表示“为了”的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。
We should start early so that we might get there before noon.
为了正午以前赶到那里，我们很早就动身了。
(二)还可以翻译在主句后面，表示“省(免)得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。
They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.
他们躲在树丛后面，以防被敌人发现。
六、结果状语从句
(一)英语中，连接结果状语从句的连词常常有：so that, so...that, such...that, to such a degree等等，通常可以翻译为“结果，如此...以致于...”，可以直接翻译。
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定，结果浪费了自己半生的时间。
(二)有时候，如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定词，“but that和but what”也可以连接结果状语从句，构成双重否定。翻译的时候，可以翻译为“没有...不”。
She is not so old but that she can read.
他并没有老到不能读书。
She came in when I was having supper.
我正在吃饭的时候，她进来了。
He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.
为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。
状语从句
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。
1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：
It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything whenhe comes back.
He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：
The young man read till the light went out.
Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
Why aren’t going there?
Because I don’t want to.
As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4. 结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如：
He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.
(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：
Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
5 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
We usedthe computer in order that we might save time.
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
6. 让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：
我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.
7. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
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