六步搞定雅思阅读长难句的方法

时间：2024-04-23 10:01:40 秀雯雅思(IELTS) 我要投稿

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六步搞定雅思阅读长难句的方法

　　雅思阅读长难句在雅思阅读中过于常见，既然无法避免，就当一个直面它的勇士！没有大量的练习是无法搞定长难句的，所以要做好打持久战的心理准备。下面小编就为大家分享，六部搞定雅思阅读长难句的方法，希望能够帮助到您，谢谢您的阅读。

六步搞定雅思阅读长难句的方法

　　雅思阅读长难句解析：

　　英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过多了一些修饰的词，句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”，同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子，不出国考雅思有用吗不用每句话的意思都懂，但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思，即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。

　　针对这两种句式结构抓主干，即把复杂的长难句转化成简单的句子。

　　主谓宾结构：寻找谓语动词

　　主系表结构：寻找系动词

　　也就是说，无论哪种句式，我们都要在心里默念寻找动词这个原则，以模糊匹配的方式来对应最有意义的那个动词，进而确认动词之前的主语和动词之后的宾语或表语。

　　雅思阅读考试，一个句子之所以能够拉长，除了在一个简单句中加上许多修饰成分之外，还有可能是长出了枝干—也就是加了从句，或者是由连词和平衡结构把若干简单句合并在了一起。雅思长难句最频繁出现的情况包括如下几种：

　　定语从句：that, which(介词+which), who,…...

　　状语从句：v+ing

　　寻找平衡结构：三大连词 and/or/but，not only…...but also…...

　　not…...but…...

　　no more/longer/less …than

　　as…...as

　　not so …...as…...

　　还有一种特殊主系表值得单独说一说：

　　There be句型：寻找中心词

　　雅思阅读练习这个句型之所以特殊，是因为系动词和表语都已经以倒装的形式给出来了，欠缺的只是一个主语中心词而已，因此我们看到了there be开头的句子，一定先集中精力寻找到那个中心点。此外，这个句子是一些同学在雅思作文考场上易犯错误的地方。在时间紧迫的压力下，可能会有同学不自觉地受到了中文思维的影响，写出诸如“There are many people do something.”此类的句子，如果在模拟考试的时候发现自己曾经犯过这类笔误，建议大家在考场上给自己留出1、2分钟的检查时间来。不出国考雅思有用吗查方法也很简单，把there be两个词遮住，如果剩下的部分还能读出一个完整的句子来，则原本的句子必定是有问题的，可以迅速把there be这两个词擦掉。

　　除了be动词外，还有一些there be形式的变体：

　　There come/comes/came

　　There appear/appears/appeared

　　There emerge/emerges/emerged

　　There may/might be

　　There can/could be

　　There happen to be

　　There used to be

　　There is/are going to be

　　一、找出下列句子的主语和谓语

　　1Studying English takes times.

　　2.The first step is always the hardest.

　　3.Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun.

　　4.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　5.A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.

　　6.A good knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.

　　7.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

　　8.Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.

　　9.The early bird catches the worm.

　　10.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.

　　P.S. 准确找到谓语动词之后，请仔细观察主语部分的语法形式和修饰成分位置。

　　二、确定句子结构

　　1.Time flies by. (思考by的词性)

　　2.It slipped my mind.(感受动词时态)

　　3.I can’t stand the heat. (理解stand的意思)

　　4.Fools seldom differ. (确定seldom修饰哪个词)

　　5.I sent you an e-mail. (双宾还是宾补)

　　6.It costs me three dollars. (双宾还是宾补)

　　7.Old habits die hard. (hard修饰关系，位置)

　　8.You can leave the door open. (双宾还是宾补)

　　9.He speaks English well. (well修饰关系，位置)

　　10.Teachers will make your English better.(better修饰关系，原形，双宾还是宾补)

　　11.They elected George W. Bush US President. (双宾还是宾补)

　　12.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize. (双宾还是宾补)

　　13.That will save you lot of time. (双宾还是宾补)

　　P.S. 双宾和宾补结构的确定有一定的难度，一定在简单句中做好区分，才能在长句中准确捕捉。

　　三、翻译句子

　　1.They found the dead boy.

　　2.They found the boy dead.

　　3.I found the book easily.

　　4.I found the book easy.

　　5.Tom found Jim an apartment.

　　6.We found John a loyal friend.

　　7.I will find you a good teacher.

　　8.I find you a good teacher.

　　9.She will make him a good husband.

　　10.She will make him a good wife.

　　P.S.根据修饰关系，句子结构，翻译相近句子才能更明确句子细节，不会误判。

　　四、判断语法现象

　　分析判断划线部分内容的语法功能，增强阅读语法意识

　　1.The education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society.

　　2.They are the San, a tribe of traditional hunter-gatherers, who used to travel in search of food for their families instead of growing it or keeping animals.

　　3.This means that instead of using artificial chemicals to make food tasty, food manufacturers could use help the quantity of the real substance and a tiny quantity of taste enhancer to make the food taste good.

　　4.Ask any young person to tell you the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects.

　　5.Visitors can view the albatross colony from a special building which has been established beside the nesting ground and, while the site is closed during breeding season, at other times it is often possible to see parents and their chicks living and feeding only metres away from human observers.

　　6.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.

　　7.The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.

　　8.The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.

　　9.Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.

　　10.The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.

　　五、终极目标预检

　　第一步：划分句子结构，找句子主干

　　第二步：确定修饰词，修饰短语或修饰从句的修饰关系

　　第三步：确定代词指代对象

　　1.Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts.

　　2.According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.

　　3.The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered.

　　4.They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s revolution around the sun.

　　5.That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).

　　6.It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

　　7.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.

　　8.What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies; the lifelike reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains, of waves striking the shore, and of people walking in the street; and the magic made possible by trick photography and the manipulation of the camera.

　　9.People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other peoples motives.

　　10.The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered.

　　11.The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.

　　12.Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.

　　13.Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.

　　14.Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.

　　15.Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts."

　　16.It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

　　17.During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.

　　18.The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.

　　19.He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.

　　六、句子翻译

　　完成以上5个阶段，基本上可以清楚地按照英语思维理解阅读句子。翻译以下句子，尽可能翻译成“通顺的”汉语。

　　1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

　　2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

　　3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

　　4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

　　5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

　　6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

　　8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

　　9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

　　10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

　　拓展：雅思阅读技巧和方法

　　一、一揽众山法

　　适用人群：英语词汇量大，平时经常阅读英语文章或浏览英语网站，语法基础扎实，短期记忆力强，对自己的英语能力非常有信心的考生。

　　操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题，然后选定一篇文章开始做题。选定文章后先阅读所有的题目，即13-14道题目，把每一道题目的关键词划出来并进行短期记忆。(注：关键词包括定位词和考点，定位词多以名词为主，考点则多以谓语动词和形容词副词为主)重点记忆一些定位性强的名词。看完题目之后去看文章，从头开始看，按文章的顺序和段落去理解，边看边回忆之前记忆中的定位词，看到了就用笔做一个记号。注意在看的过程中是要以理解文章为主，不要过多的去想题目的内容，主要是看懂文章。看完以后再去看题目，根据文章的内容去做题。如果有文章的内容记不清，就可以利用之前读文章时划出的定位词再回原文看一下然后确定答案。

　　优点：节省时间，做题速度快

　　缺陷：挑战考生英语能力和记忆力，并不适用于大部分考生，主要针对一些立志阅读考8分以上的考生。

　　二、各个击破法

　　适用人群：英语基础不是非常好，词汇量缺乏，文章对其来说基本看不太懂的考生。

　　操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题，然后选定一篇文章开始做题。但是选择的时候要注意题材的熟悉度，可以挑选自己相对还比较熟悉的题材先做。选定后就开始审题。审题则是按照题型来看。首选是填空题和判断题，其次是选择和配对题。例如说文章后题型搭配为判断题+选择题+填空题，那么先审判断题这一部分题目，一题一题做，根据判断题的做题方法去做，而且可以利用顺序性去看文章找答案。做完判断题以后再做填空题，利用填空题的标题或第一句话中的名词去做定位，然后用填空题的做题方法去把填空题做完。最后去做选择题，因为选择题对于文章的理解要求比较高，对于程度不太好的考生来说会比较难做。

　　优点：能尽量保证填空题的正确率，在能得分的题目中保证得分。对于基础不是很好的考生来说是一个既能保证正确率又能相对节约时间的方法

　　缺陷：时间花费比较多，而且会多次重复阅读文章。

　　三、融会贯通法

　　适用人群：有一定的英语词汇量，并参加过培训班，掌握了基础语法知识。

　　操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题和文章后的题型，选择自己最熟悉的话题或者有自己最擅长的题型的那篇文章。然后浏览一下题型，确定下题型关注的先后顺序，也是先填空判断，后配对选择。但这种先后并不是绝对的，而是交替的，也就是在重点做填空判断之前已经将判断选择的定位词和关键词划出并记忆，然后在做填空判断时顺带这看看有没有出现配对题和选择题的定位词出现。如果程度稍好的同学则可以看一段文章，把这段文章中涉及到的各种题型的题目都完成，一段一段解决问题。但是用这种方法的时候要注意时间的把握。

　　优点：可以相对合理的安排时间去做题，也能保证容易做的题型的正确率。

　　缺陷：需要考生能随机应变，对不同的题型搭配要有合理的时间分配，可能会造成审题或看文章内容的混乱。

　　雅思阅读文章的长度为800-1000字，题材内容涉及到很多专业的学科，包括社会科学和自然科学等多种题材，其题型与传统的阅读考试只有选择题这种情况也不一样，所以不同的题型会有不同的做题方法。再加上雅思阅读考试的时间只有一个小时，文章有三篇，因此从时间上来看，既要把文章看懂，又能把题目看完做完，是非常紧张的，很多考生都在考后曾抱怨过时间来不及。上面提到的三种方式的几个方面和优缺点，考生应该结合自己的英语程度和实际情况，来选择适合自己的方法。同时也要经过一段时间的练习，才能在考场上发挥出色。

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