Oracle认证:ORACLE绑定变量BINDPEEKING

时间:2024-08-25 15:57:01 Oracle认证 我要投稿
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Oracle认证:ORACLE绑定变量BINDPEEKING

  ORACLE 在9i之后引入了bind peeking,通过bind peeking,oracle可以在硬解析的时候窥探绑定变量的值,并根据当前绑定变量的值生成执行计划。在oracle 9i之前的版本中,oracle仅仅通过统计信息来生成执行计划。

  下面看一下不同版本oracle下绑定变量对执行计划的影响

  SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

  系统已更改。

  SQL> alter system set optimizer_features_enable='8.1.7';

  系统已更改。

  SQL> var v number;

  SQL> exec :v := 1;

  PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  1

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID3rg5r8sghcvb3, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v

  Plan hash value: 2956728990

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost |

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 3 |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | |

  |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 2 | 8 | 3 |

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("RECORD_TYPE"=:V)

  已选择47行。

  SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

  系统已更改。

  SQL> alter system set optimizer_features_enable='11.2.0.3.1';

  系统已更改。

  SQL> var v number;

  SQL> exec :v := 1;

  PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  1

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID3rg5r8sghcvb3, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v

  Plan hash value: 2956728990

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 3 (100)| |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | | |

  |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 1 | 4 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Peeked Binds (identified by position):

  --------------------------------------

  1 - :V (NUMBER): 1 --绑定变量窥探

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("RECORD_TYPE"=:V)

  已选择49行。

  SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

  系统已更改。

  SQL> exec :v := 2;

  PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  50000

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID3rg5r8sghcvb3, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v

  Plan hash value: 2957754476

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 136 (100)| |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 || |

  |* 2 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 48031 | 187K| 136 (1)| 00:00:02 |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Peeked Binds (identified by position):

  --------------------------------------

  1 - :V (NUMBER): 2 --绑定变量窥探,绑定变量会影响最初硬解析的执行计划

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - filter("RECORD_TYPE"=:V)

  已选择49行。

  使用绑定变量窥测的好处是:可以帮助优化器在第一次硬解析时选择最优的执行计划。但是同时这也是其弊端:在第一次硬解析后,后面发生的所有解析都会使用第一次硬解析生成的执行计划,如果数据的分布是均匀的,问题不大,如果数据分布式倾斜的,那么第一次硬解析生成的执行计划未必是最优的,甚至可能是非常糟糕的。例如:

  SQL> show parameter optimizer_feat

  NAME TYPE VALUE

  ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

  optimizer_features_enable string 11.2.0.3.1

  SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

  系统已更改。

  SQL> var v number;

  SQL> exec :v := 2;

  PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  50000

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor);

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID3rg5r8sghcvb3, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v

  Plan hash value: 2957754476

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 136 (100)| |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 || |

  |* 2 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 48031 | 187K| 136 (1)| 00:00:02 |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - filter("RECORD_TYPE"=:V)

  已选择19行。

  SQL> exec :v := 1

  PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  1

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor);

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID3rg5r8sghcvb3, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = :v

  Plan hash value: 2957754476

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 136 (100)| |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 || |

  |* 2 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 48031 | 187K| 136 (1)| 00:00:02 |

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - filter("RECORD_TYPE"=:V)

  已选择19行。

  SQL> select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = 1;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  1

  SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor);

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  SQL_ID1pxm87f6yd0bp, child number 0

  -------------------------------------

  select count(*) from acs_test_tab where record_type = 1

  Plan hash value: 2956728990

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 3 (100)| |

  | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | | |

  |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| ACS_TEST_TAB_RECORD_TYPE_I | 1 | 4 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("RECORD_TYPE"=1)

  已选择19行。

  对于变量v的取值为1的执行计划和采用常量1的执行计划性能差距还是比较大的。

  总结:oracle在9i后引入变量窥测技术,该技术对于数据分布均匀的数据是非常合适的,但是对于分布倾斜的数据或者在OLAP系统中是不建议使用的。

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