Ubuntu系统中为单个网卡配置多个IP的教程

时间:2022-06-24 16:52:05 TCP/IP 我要投稿
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关于Ubuntu系统中为单个网卡配置多个IP的教程

  关于Ubuntu系统中为单个网卡配置多个IP的教程

  样例输出:

  1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default

  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet6 ::1/128 scope host

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

  link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  或

  sudo ifconfig

  样例输出:

  enp0s3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:2a:03:4b

  inet addr:192.168.1.103 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

  inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 Scope:Link

  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

  RX packets:186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

  RX bytes:21872 (21.8 KB) TX bytes:9666 (9.6 KB)

  lo Link encap:Local Loopback

  inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

  inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

  UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

  RX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

  RX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB) TX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB)

  正如你在上面输出中看到的,我的网卡名称是 enp0s3,它的 IP 地址是 192.168.1.103。

  现在让我们来为网卡添加一个新的 IP 地址,例如说 192.168.1.104。

  打开你的终端并运行下面的命令添加额外的' IP。

  sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

  用命令检查是否启用了新的 IP:

  sudo ip address show enp0s3

  样例输出:

  2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

  link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet 192.168.1.104/24 scope global secondary enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  类似地,你可以添加任意数量的 IP 地址,只要你想要。

  让我们 ping 一下这个 IP 地址验证一下。

  sudo ping 192.168.1.104

  样例输出

  PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.901 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.571 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms

  好极了,它能工作!

  要删除 IP,只需要运行:

  sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

  再检查一下是否删除了 IP。

  sudo ip address show enp0s3

  样例输出:

  2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

  link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  可以看到已经没有了!!

  正如你所知,重启系统后这些设置会失效。那么怎么设置才能永久有效呢?这也很简单。

  添加永久 IP 地址

  Ubuntu 系统的网卡配置文件是 /etc/network/interfaces。

  让我们来看看上面文件的具体内容。

  sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces

  输出样例:

  # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

  # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

  source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

  # The loopback network interface

  auto lo

  iface lo inet loopback

  # The primary network interface

  auto enp0s3

  iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

  正如你在上面输出中看到的,网卡启用了 DHCP。

  现在,让我们来分配一个额外的地址,例如 192.168.1.104/24。

  编辑 /etc/network/interfaces:

  sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

  如下添加额外的 IP 地址。

  # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

  # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

  source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

  # The loopback network interface

  auto lo

  iface lo inet loopback

  # The primary network interface

  auto enp0s3

  iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

  iface enp0s3 inet static

  address 192.168.1.104/24

  保存并关闭文件。

  运行下面的命令使更改无需重启即生效。

  sudo ifdown enp0s3 && sudo ifup enp0s3

  样例输出:

  Killed old client process

  Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

  Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

  All rights reserved.

  For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

  Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

  Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

  Sending on Socket/fallback

  DHCPRELEASE on enp0s3 to 192.168.1.1 port 67 (xid=0x225f35)

  Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

  Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

  All rights reserved.

  For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

  Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

  Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

  Sending on Socket/fallback

  DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xdfb94764)

  DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.103 on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6447b9df)

  DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

  DHCPACK of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

  bound to 192.168.1.103 -- renewal in 35146 seconds.

  注意:如果你从远程连接到服务器,把上面的两个命令放到一行中非常重要,因为第一个命令会断掉你的连接。而采用这种方式可以保留你的 ssh 会话。

  现在,让我们用下面的命令来检查一下是否添加了新的 IP:

  sudo ip address show enp0s3

  输出样例:

  2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

  link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet 192.168.1.104/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  很好!我们已经添加了额外的 IP。

  再次 ping IP 地址进行验证。

  sudo ping 192.168.1.104

  样例输出:

  PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms

  好极了!它能正常工作。就是这样。

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