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托福TPO2综合写作范文及写作材料
托福综合写作是要求考生根据一段阅读材料和一段听力材料来写的。下面是小编整理的托福TOP2综合写作范文及材料，希望能帮到大家!
托福TOP2综合写作范文
The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality.
First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who worked hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, they weren’t given the opportunity to “shine”. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed more time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision making. This was another place where experience contradicted theory.
Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory or failure. If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might become less flexible in its thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed.
Rating annotation：
Once you can read past what seem to be the results of poor typing, this Benchmark 5 does an excellent job of presenting the points about the contribution and recognition of group members as well as about speed of group decisions. The final paragraph contains one noticeable error (“influent”), which is then used correctly two sentences later (“influential”). Overall, this is a successful response and scored within (though perhaps not at the top of) the 5 level.
阅读材料：
In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.
在很多机构里，恰当完成一个新项目的最好方法可能是把一组人组织成一个团队。一个团队来完成一个项目有几个优势。
First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues.
首先，一组人员意味着有比任何一个个体拥有更为广泛的知识、技能以及技巧。同时，因为有更多数量人员的介入和更多资源的占有，团队工作可以以更快的速度对任务作出反应。同时，也能创造性地解决遇到的问题和争议。
Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.
由于在团队工作中个体无需承担风险，所以会倾向于作出冒险的决定。这就导致了团队工作有时候可以创造性地解决问题。这是因为团队把团队决策的责任分摊给所有的成员了，这样的话，即使决策最后证明是错的，也不会有任何个体需要对此负责。
Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team's overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone.
加入一个团队对于个体成员来说是一个非常荣耀的。对于那些能够影响决策的成员来说，毫无疑问，他们在团队行为中得来的决策快感要优于他们被动地接受别人指派任务时候的`感受。同时，团队中的个人有更多“闪耀”的机会，这些机会的实现是由于他们对团队的贡献不但被认可，而且是高度低认可。这种高度的认可是因为团队的成就和影响力是要要高于个体。团队可以实现个体所不完成的任务，达到个体所不能达到的高度。
听力材料
Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.
现在我要给大家讲讲在一个公司考虑以团队工作的形式进行项目时候的发现吧。这几个项目是以团队的形式负责和完成的。六个月之后，公司来验收项目进行的如何。
On virtually every team, some members got almost a “free ride” . . . they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well . . . the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.
实际上，在每个团队都会有一些成员选择“搭便车”。这些成员并没有对团队的工作有任何贡献，但是如果整个团队很好地完成了任务，他们也会从团队所获得的认可中获利。那么对于那些在团队中努力工作，为团队所面临的问题和正义提供很多简介的人呢?没有人知道他们的`名字。当这些真正的贡献者被问及团队工作的感受是，他们的态度则是和阅读部分所预计的相反的。你应该不会对这样的态度感到意外的。
Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along.
另一个发现就是，一些项目进行的速度不是很快。为什么呢?这是因为团队需要很长的时间达成一致意见，他们需要开很多会才能在成员之间对于如何进行项目达成共识。
On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said “That will never work” about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed. And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was “highly creative.” And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.
在另一方面，有些证据表明在团队中会有一到两个人会对整个团队非常有影响力。有时候，当他们对团队中正在运行的想法说了一句“这是行不通”的时候，这个想法就会在没有进行深入谈讨论之前就被放弃了。同时，还会存在这样一种情况：这些有影响力的人笃定他们相处的方法是“非常有创造性的”。这时候，即便有些成员会试图提醒其他成员项目现在正在沿着一个错误的方向进行，甚至有可能失败的。但是他们的声音会被其他的成员所忽略。你能猜到这个故事的结局吗?结局就是，当这个项目失败的时候，责备会被所有团队成员一同承担。
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