托福听力资料及答案

时间：2024-07-03 19:23:14 托福(TOEFL) 我要投稿

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2017年托福听力资料及答案

　　导语：多做托福听力试题，有助于托福听力成绩的提高。下面是YJBYS小编整理的2017年托福听力资料及答案，欢迎参考!

2017年托福听力资料及答案

　　Passage One

　　Pennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of the colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making had become the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.

　　After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other "iron plantations," continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rural landscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke, charcoal-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nation's growth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods during war and peace-ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-iron stoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.

　　The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the 1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts made by Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the "Hopewell stove". By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some 80,000 cast-iron stoves.

　　1. The word "implications含意，暗示，暗指，卷入，牵连" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) significance 重要性，意义

　　(B) motives

　　(D) progress

　　2. It can be inferred that the purpose of the legislation passed by England in 1750 was to

　　(A) reduce the price of English-made iron goods sold in the colonies

　　(B) prevent the outbreak of the War of Independence

　　(D) keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials.

　　3. The author compares iron furnaces to which of the following?

　　(A) cannons

　　(B) pyramids

　　(D) windows

　　4. The word "rushing" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) reliable

　　(B) fresh

　　(D) rapid

　　5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

　　(A) Many workers were available in the area.

　　(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby.

　　(D) There was an abundance of wood.

　　6. The passage mentions "roads, canals, and railroads" in line 25 in order to explain that

　　(A) improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks

　　(B) iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation

　　(D) Hopewell never became a major transportation center

　　7. The word "they" in line 26 refers to

　　(A) links

　　(B) parts

　　(D) sites

　　8. The word "some" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) only

　　(B) a maximum of

　　(D) a variety of

　　答案

　　ACBDB ABC

　　Passage Two

　　The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true" relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.

　　Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.

　　Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.

　　Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.

　　Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions."

　　1. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The influence of science on literature

　　(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers

　　(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism

　　2. The word "prevailed" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) dominated

　　(B) transformed

　　(D) generalized 归纳，概括

　　3. The word "they" in line 8 refers to

　　(A) authors

　　(B) dialects

　　(D) relationships