托福阅读考试长难句考试技巧

时间:2022-12-26 08:11:49 托福(TOEFL) 我要投稿
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托福阅读考试长难句考试技巧

  长难句,顾名思义,就是又长又难的句子,很多考生都对长难句感到头疼,那么我们应该怎样去攻克长难句呢?下面,就让小编来和大家说说吧,希望能够给大家带去帮助。

托福阅读考试长难句考试技巧

  一、先搞定语法

  长难句之所以难,其实是难在语法。一个长难句中一般都会包含好多语法,语法虽然难懂,但好在有固定的规则和门道,只要你掌握了这些规则和门道,你就会犹如神助。

  首先要熟悉词性的分类,比如名词,动词,形容词和副词;

  然后知道句子成分,比如定语、状语、补语等的用法、呈现形式;

  最后了解基本的从句,比如状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句。

  二、分清主次顺序

  分清主次顺序

  同学们在做阅读理解的时候一定要有一套自己的做题思路,这种做题思路就需要同学们在大量的做题后总结出来一套适合自己的。不知从何下手,可参考下面5个步骤的做题思路哦。

  第一步,找准主干。一个句子只能有一个主干(主语+谓语),哪怕结构再复杂,先把主干找出来,这样句子的意思是完整的,其他的成分像大树的枝桠,是对主干的修饰,使句子意思更饱满、表达更完整,在分析其他成分时候要注意考虑各个成分与主干的关系。利用这种找出主干、化繁为简的原则解决难题。

  第二步,分析句子结构。在找到句子主干之后,同学们要把句中的修饰成分和修饰的对象都找出来,整理清楚。

  第三步,逐句翻译。因为句子结构复杂,包含多层意思,很难直接完整地译出来,所以可以先把修饰部分单独翻译,译成几个分句。

  第四步,把译好的分句连缀起来,顺序可稍加调整,使之符合汉语表达习惯,通顺流畅。

  第五步,在通过自己翻译长难句做完题目之后,建议同学们把参考答案拿出来,一般答案里面都会有阅读的原文翻译,在这里把自己的翻译和参考的翻译进行对比,看看自己哪里还需要进一步完善,争取在下次避免这种情况的发生。

  例题讲解:

  The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be _____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners. (1994年)

  A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable

  首先找主干,先找谓语动词:是may be 还是can be,我们发现can be前that,同学们很容易找到,是may be;接下来它的主语是谁呢?是vocabulary吗?仔细看这是一个介词词组in his working vocabulary,继续往前看,这个介词词组藏在who引导的从句里,而这个who引导的从句修饰的是speaker。终于找到了,原来主干是The speaker may be _____ to explain……这四个选项选哪个?同学们喜欢选不认识的单词A obscure,而意思是晦涩的,难懂的,能用来说人吗?似乎不行。B difficult C impossible 行不?也不行,它们的主语只能是物,所以应该是D unable。

  延伸阅读:托福阅读考试长难句的20个例子

  1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

  美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。

  2. Of the millions who saw Haley‘s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?

  1986年看见哈雷彗星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?

  3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

  人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。

  4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

  由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

  5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

  任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

  6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.

  一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

  7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one‘s meaning.

  简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。

  8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

  随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

  9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

  诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。

  10. The knee is the jointswheresthe thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

  膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

  11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

  酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

  12. Billie Holiday‘s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.

  Billie Holiday’s

  作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

  13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

  理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

  14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

  儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

  15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas swheres once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

  受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

  16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.

  机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。

  17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

  人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

  18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.

  真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。

  19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.

  音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。

  20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.

  虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

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