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实例讲解托福阅读推断题技巧
若你问托儿们“新托福阅读哪个题型最难啊?”，多半的学生会回答“阅读是会呼吸的疼，每个题型都很难，考个托福都快赶上背诵百科全书了”。但是，在众多题型中，内容小结题和推断题在难度上仍是会位居榜首，归结原因的，多半是内容小结题涉及文章框架，托儿没时间再回头整理，而说到推断题，学生就是一头雾水，不知道该怎么推，往哪儿推。因此关于这方面的内容,小编整理了一些相关资料给大家参考，觉得有用的话就快快收藏吧。
推断题其实没有想象中的那么难，因为托福文章有很清晰的逻辑架构，每个自然段往往是按照TS (Topic Sentence) +SD (Supporting details)展开的，而文章多半是按Introduction + Aspects + Attitudes展开的。只有明白了文章的写作思路才能更好更快的做对题目，作者必定是按照一定的行文顺序编排段落的，如果画一个水平轴作为事件发展的顺序，推断题是让你从这个轴上的某一个点去推测，无非就两个方向，顺着轴发展的方向或者逆着轴发展的方向，也就是我们接下来要说的用正向和逆向思维去解决推断题。
OG上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说观点(strongly implied but not explicitlystated in the text)的理解程度，属于理解性题目，题目要求如下：
Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about X?
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X?
According to paragraph 3, what do Y indicate about X?
According to paragraph 4, what does the author imply about X?
题干中有出现infer, imply, indicate或suggest这四个单词，我们就判定这个题目为推断题，那么推断题应该如何解答呢?
第一步，判断题型。我们拿到题目，看到上面四个单词中的任何一个，心中就想着这是推断题，推断题的做题宗旨是文章强烈暗示，要通过文章内容进行合理推断。
第二步，审清题干，原文定位。仔细阅读题干，弄清题干内容，推断方向，带着题干核心信息到文章中准确定位。
第三步，推测+判断。根据相关句进行正向或逆向的推理，最后择优而选，确定答案。
正向推断：和事实信息题做题方法一样，答案就是定位的句子的同义改写。
逆向推断：大致分为两种，一种是时间，第二种是两类事物的对比。
第一种，题干中往往会出现表示时间的信息，比如：after 1932, since early years of the 19th century. 例如TPO 20 Passage 1 Western Migration Q1:
Paragraph 1: The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main,the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for theraising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815,improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
m They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
m They were able to sell their produce at high prices
m They had not been successful in raising cattle.
m They did not operate in a national market economy.
题干中出现了两个信息，一个是western farmers, 一个是prior to 1815, 带着两条信息去文中定位，定位在第一段第四行，但是文章中没有提到1815年之前，只有1815年之后，答案其实很简单，只要把1815年之后的内容看懂了，并且在这个内容前面加not即可。举个简单的例子，“从现在起Jessica是个姑娘”，“请问你能推断出昨天Jessica怎么了么?”可能很多人想到“是不是Jessica做了变性手术?”，其实这就算过分推断了，答案就是Jessica昨天不是个姑娘。言归正题，文中说到，改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活，并且进入了国家性的市场经济，那个时候货物的价格很多，所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。
第二种：两类事物的对比，往往文中会出现表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas, onthe contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。例如TPO 2中的The Origins ofCetaceans的第2题，让考生推测关于early sea otters的，回到原文中定位，会发现关键句中存在着一个unlike, 说不像sea otters, 想象一下早期鲸类比较困难(not easy=difficult)，那我们逆推一下，不就是说想象早期sea otters长什么样比较容易，正确答案中出现了not difficult, 所以这道题很简单。当然ETS不会一直都出这么简单的推断题，这里只是给大家一个答题的方向。
托儿们觉得逆向推断比较好理解，而正向推断比较难，原因是不容易把握尺度，很容易加上自己的主观判断就推过了。这时候我们可以把它当作事实信息题去做，因为要基于原文进行推测，那么讨论的角度和情感色彩要与原文保持一致，所以做题的另外一条原则是don't contradict with the main idea of the passage, 推测的时候新东方托福考试官方网推荐托儿们用演绎或者归纳的方法得出正确答案，或者借用文章主旨和情感态度选出正确答案，看如下例题：
Paragraph 4: Furthermore, Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate thatthe Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers-layers containing compounds ofcarbon and oxygen-that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Theirabsence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced the extended mildperiod required to form lakes and oceans. However, more recent data imply that at least someparts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid waterexisted on the surface.
According to paragraph 4, what do the 2003 Global Surveyor data suggest about Mars?
m Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.
m he climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.
m Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars' surface for long periods of time.
m The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold, dry weather.
根据关键词我们定位到：Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that theMartian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers-layers containing compounds of carbonand oxygen-that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. 这道题可以当作事实信息题去做，但注意不是原文的简单重复，suggest是原文中indicate的同义转换，我们只要找到what就好了，原文that后面是重点，出现了too few, should have, 情感态度推测一下，持否定态度，也就是说形成an ancient ocean不太可能。我们看选项，A中说Ancient oceans on Mars contained only smallamounts of carbon. 主客体与原文矛盾，排除;B选项The climate of Mars may not have beensuitable for the formation of large bodies of water. 说不适合形成大量的水，持否定态度，符合原文，保留;C选项Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars' surface for long periods oftime. 相关句中未提及，排除;D选项The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periodsof cold, dry weather. 说的是ancient oceans没有，而不是原来有后来干涸了，与原文不符，排除，所以正确答案为B。
不管是正推还是逆推，关键是要基于原文进行推断，这就是我们要从事件发展这条水平轴上进行推测的原因，不然从一条射线的某点，空间范围内进行延伸，你会得出无数条直线。判断我们做的正确与否，关键就是能不能在原文中找到相应的依据，希望同学们在做完推断题的时候回到原文中标出出题依据，逐渐提升自己做题的敏感度和正确率，新东方托福考试官方网祝福托儿们都能考出好成绩
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