托福阅读的文章和题目解析
在阅读托福文章时候，会有阅读完之后答题或是边阅读边答题两种不同的方法。那到底怎样才能更有效率呢?下面yjbys网小编为大家带来托福阅读的文章和题目分析，希望能帮到大家!
下面我们来看一段托福阅读的文章和题目，看看来自一位《The Evolutionary Psychology--进化心理学》的专家观点是怎么说的吧：
Paragraph 2: Women tend to believe the basic fact that if a man cannot subdue them thoroughly and let them to admire his power and potential value of survival in this world, he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future, which is a distinctive mechanism successfully evolved over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations—in which those excellent genes can obtain prior opportunity to be paired, replicated and then passed on.
3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A Women usually believe that if a man cannot win them absolutely and accept their social value in this world, he may not possess capacity to provide protection for both themselves and their descendants—a key factor to keep good genes to be paired and copied.
B If a man cannot subdue women thoroughly and let them to admire his ability as a symbol to generate excellent genes, women may not believe that he is a real man who can hold and demonstrate his power continually, but intermittently.
C One of the most distinctive mechanisms is tended to let women to believe that a real man has ability to subdue them completely and then provide his own protection for their offspring as well as women themselves over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations.
D One basic fact is tended to be accepted by women that if a man cannot let them to envy and worship for his preeminent characteristics, women would deny his value in our society, which is a traditionally special system built in every human being generation by which the qualified genes can take advantage to be survived and duplicated.
初看这道题的时候，很多同学差点一口气背过去。为啥呢?哪有这么搞的嘛。一个段落居然是一句话组成的。想象一下，如果考场上你遇到了这种情况，怎么办呢?这就是叫你不要害怕，要有勇气---不管你面对托福考试还是面对你的“男神、女神”，道理都是一样的。好的，我们来看看这句话怎么分析好。你想想在面对你暗恋的人的时候，你会怎么做?你肯定想知道对方是怎么想的吧，所以你要先冷静下来排除干扰，然后抓住关键点来分析。对于这个句子来说，这是一样的道理，不管句子有多么扑朔迷离，我们都要先抓住句子的语法主干和逻辑主线。
Women tend to believe the basic fact that这后面要出现一个同位语从句，而难点主要就在这里对吧。没关系，接下来我们继续抓主线。if a man cannot subdue them thoroughly and let them to admire his power and potential value of survival in this world, he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future. 这部分看似很长，其实只要你能抓住句子的逻辑脉络就OK。If部分条件状语说如果一个男人没有能力征服他的女神，(and)不能向自己的女神证明自己很牛X。大家注意这部分，中间有个and来链接两部分，这就说明这两部分是并列关系，其实你读懂一部分就足够，意思就是说如果一个男人不够牛X…。如果你能理解到这个程度上就足够。
If条件句的后面是主句部分，主句当然就是这个条件成立后的结果了。he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future.你看到了什么?没错还是and这个并列结构，所以句子直接简化理解成：he may not demonstrate his ability to provide protection for (his offspring and themselves) in the future.这就是说这个男人就没有能力在未来保护他的女神以及他们的后代。这个句子只要你能理解到这个层次就算完成了80%的任务了。因为后面那个which引导了个非限定性定语从句，其实就是从进化心理学的角度上来解释前面讲的这个生活中的现象到底在科学上是怎么回事。which is a distinctive mechanism (successfully evolved over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations这部分是前面mechanism的后置定语，就是修饰描述是什么样的一种机制的)—in which those excellent genes can obtain prior opportunity to be paired, replicated and then passed on. (这里又出现了 in which，这个讨厌的东西其实就是一个同位语而已，专家最后用一个同位语告诉你说：这种成千上百万年的古老机制就是为了上优秀的基因得到优先的配对和传承嘛。
言外之意就是说只有这样人类才能不断适应环境生存到今天啊。不过据我自己的考证，人类进化从非洲智人开始移居到世界各地群居散布至今也就几万年，到头十几万年，哪里会有成百上千万年呢?相关专家又开始拦不住嘴胡说了不是?) 好啦，接下来我估计你已经看出谁是正确答案了，那就是D选项。D选项倒是挺长的哈，语言上怎么对应的'呢?我们看看吧，envy和worship对应了原文中的admire;preeminent characteristics对应了原文中的power and potential value of survival in this world.而would deny his value in our society对应了原文中的he may not demonstrate his ability to provide protection for (his offspring and themselves) in the future. 原因很简单吧，如果你的女神否认了你的社会价值，那不就等同于她不认为你能够证明你有能力嘛。which is a traditionally special system built in every human generation by which the qualified genes can take advantage to be survived and duplicated.定语从句中，传统意义上的特殊系统就等同于原文中说的古老机制，后面说合格的基因能够利用这种机制去生存和复制，就等同于原文中说的优秀基因的复制和传承，这是一个意思。
至于其他三个错误选项，大家可以自己好好思考下它们为什么错。A选项精简主干后就变成了：男神不承认女神的社会价值了。但这与原文相反好吧，如果有朝一日男神不承认女神的社会价值，那社会不就乱了吗?B选项的意思就更荒唐了，精简主干后就变成了，今天是男神，明天是备胎，后天又变成了男神，大后天又变成了可怜的备胎。男神的能力是不连续被展现出来的，这个过程比较抽象，大家可以自己先脑补一下相关情景。C选项我都好不好意思说它什么了。当你把句子主干部分提取出来后读读看，保证吓死你。它说真正的男神可以为自己的女神和后代提供成千上百万年的保护。我靠，成千上百万年啊，我就是能化身成轮回万年的玉皇大帝都没这个本事。太强了，太扯了，我很佩服出题人的思想创新。但很可惜，因为只要我有本事把句子主干和逻辑脉络画出来和读懂，那么这点小伎俩就骗不到我，因此我知道只有D选项才是正确的。
怎么样，大家明白了吗?托福中的阅读其实只是在考察你读句子的能力，尤其是这种长难句，你只要有能力划分语法主干和阅读逻辑脉络，那么即便是这样无出其右的句子简化题也可以应对自如。
下面给大家额外留一道这篇文章中的推断题，大家有兴趣可以自己练练看，是不是这个道理。提示你：不要被句子的长度吓到，要抓语法主干阅读，理清句子逻辑脉络。
Paragraph 5: How does the S&R value(Survival and Reproduction) to be defined in our society? In general, some distinctive features for human being such as one’s glamor, wisdom, social status, health and personality are always considered as a set of standards of judgment in which these traits can be demonstrated to people by one’s visual display, behavior, social implication and so forth. However, certain implications in different sex are placed in different directions. For example, female could be likely to respond to male’s behavior implications, reasoning that they are more likely to consider to obtain men’s survival value that is so called S value for their own benefit, whereas male could tend to relatively focus on visual effects presented by female, just because they hope that they can choose female who can offer high reproductive value which is called R value for their genes to be passed on both successfully and eternally. According to such viewpoint presented above, we can safely draw a conclusion--- for a woman, one of the most drawbacks is that she has to spend much more time on evaluating and assessing a man’s S value by which she must be prior to collect and then analyze it through a man’s behavior naturally presented in a extended period of time, while a man only needs to look a woman up and down in just few minutes, which he will know about her R value and can decide to whether a love relationship between them should begin immediately. Consequently, value comes about attraction between female and male’s relationship.
11. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 why it is more difficult for a boy courting to a girl than a girl attracting to a boy?
A Because a boy could easily feel attracted just by looking a girl’s appearance and
her body, whereas a girl has to evaluate and then judge a boy in a relative long
period for whom she could fall in love with.
B Because women tend to be haughty and elegant than men.
C Because the gene replication system can be divided into two different categories
depended on different sex.
D Because value determines attraction between female and male’s relationship.
答案：A
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