基础英语介词用法与辨析

时间:2023-05-16 13:24:34 松涛 基础英语 我要投稿
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基础英语常用介词用法与辨析

  导语:英语常用介词的用法是什么?怎样区分?下面是小编整理的基础英语常用介词用法与辨析,希望对你有帮助!

基础英语常用介词用法与辨析

  一、表示方位的介词:in, to, on

  1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如:

  Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

  2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如:

  Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。

  3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如:

  Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。

  二、表示计量的介词:at, for, by

  1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如:

  It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

  I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。

  2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。如:

  He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

  注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

  3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如:

  They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。

  Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。

  三、表示材料的介词:of, from, in

  1. of成品仍可看出原料。如:

  This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。

  2. from成品已看不出原料。如:

  Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。

  3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如:

  Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。

  They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。

  注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。请比较:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。

  四、表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on

  1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

  注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:

  I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。

  2. with表示“用某种工具”。如:

  He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。

  注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

  3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。

  They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。

  She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。

  五、表示关于的介词:of, about, on

  1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:

  He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。

  He thought about this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。

  2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:

  Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?

  3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:

  It's a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

  六、表原因或理由的介词:for, at, from, of, with, by, because of

  1. for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:

  I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

  2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:

  He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。

  3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:

  He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。

  4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:

  The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。

  5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:

  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。

  He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。

  6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。

  Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。

  She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。

  7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:

  He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.

  8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如:

  Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。

  9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如:

  Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。

  10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。如:

  He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。

  11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如:

  The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。

  七、表示好像或当作的介词:like, as

  1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。如:

  Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。

  2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。如:

  He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。

  注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。如:

  The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。

  八、表示支持或反对的介词:against, for

  against反对,for支持,互为反义词。如:

  Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?

  九、表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, except

  1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。如:

  Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了)

  He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。

  2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。如:

  Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)

  All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)

  注意:(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。如:He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。

  (B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。如:

  The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)

  但except for 有时也可代替 except,特别是在句首时,因为 except 是不能用于句首的。如:

  Except for George, you can all go. 除乔治外,你们都可以去。

  面试最基础的英语对话

  1. Enclosed herewith are two copies of my diplomas and a copy of my resume for your reference.兹随函附寄毕业证书两份及简历表一份,仅供参考。

  2. Enclosed you will find a copy of my resume and my photo. I believe that they may be found satisfactory.附上我历表和照片,希望您满意。

  3. You will find enclosed an outline of my education and copies of three letters of recommendation.随函寄上本人学历的简要概况及三封推荐信。

  4. Enclosed you will find a letter of recommendation from Mr. Wang, Head Professor of English Department and a copy of my transcript.

  随函附上英文系系主任王先生的推荐函一封及本人成绩单一份。

  5. You can see from the data sheet that is enclosed that I now have an interest in securing a satisfying position.

  您可以从附上的资料表中看出,本人目前有意寻求一份能令人满意的作。

  薪金待遇

  1. As regards salary, I leave it to you to decide after experience of my capacity.

  至于薪金,请在考验本人的能力之后再作决定。

  2. The salary I should require would be 20,000 a year.

  希望年薪能达到两万元。

  3. The salary required is 800 per month, living in the house.

  希望每月工资八百元,并提供宿舍。

  4. However, the matter of remuneration will take care of itself, as it always does, if other things are all right.

  如果其他条件具备的话,待遇问题自会得到解决。

  5. I am willing to serve on trial for some months at a small salary.

  如能录用,本人并不介意以低薪工作数月。

  离职原因

  1. The only reason why I am leaving the present position is to gain more experience in a trading office.

  本人之所以离开目前的工作岗位,唯一的理由是希望能在一家贸易公司获得更多的经验。

  2. My reason for leaving the company is that I wish to get into the advertising business.

  本人离职的原因是希望在广告业方面有所发展。

  3. I left the office on account of the discontinuance of the business.

  本人离职的原因,系因该公司即将倒闭。

  4. I now wish to enter an office where the work requires greater individual responsibility and judgment than here, and where there is more opportunity for advancement.

  目前,本人希望进入一家可以担负较大责任的公司,并希望能提供升迁会。

  5. One reason that I would like to be employed with your firm is that you are dealing with import and export trade. I would look forward to dealing with oversea companies and at the same time having a chance to use English more.

  贵公司主要做进出口贸易是本人欲在贵公司工作的原因之一,我渴望能同外国公司做生意,并借机锻炼英文。

  请求面谈及客套语

  1. If you care to give an interview, I shall be pleased to call any afternoon except Monday.

  倘蒙给予面试,除星期一外每天下午本人均可应试。

  2. I shall be obliged if you will give me a personal interview at your convenience.

  倘蒙阁下接见,将不胜感激。

  3. If you do not have any vacancies at present for which I might be considered, will you please file my application for future reference? I shall be pleased to supply any additional information you may wish and come to your office for a personal interview at any time that is convenient.

  若贵公司目前尚无适当工作,敬请把我的申请列为未来求才参考。贵公司如需我个人资料,我愿随时提供,只要阁下方便,我愿随时来贵公司面试。

  4. Should this application meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to justify the confidence you may repose in me

  如贵公司能惠予考虑此申请,本人将尽最大的忠诚和努力。

  5. I’d very much appreciate the chance to talk to you and to get your opinion on whether I am qualified for the job you offer.

  如有机会与你们面谈,我将十分感激。希望能知道我是否适合担任你们所要求的工作。

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