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独立主格与独立成分的辨析
导语：独立主格结构不是主谓完整的简单句，而只是一个短语，而独立成分是与全句没有语法关系的句子成分。下面由YJBYS小编告诉大家如何辨析独立主格与独立成分，欢迎参考!
1.当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主谓一致的问题。如：
considering/ given(that)…考虑到… supposing/provided/providing(that) 假设/使…，等等。
Supposing you are wrong, what will you do then?
假设你错了，你接下来会做什么? ( supposing为连词，也可用suppose)
Supposing it should rain, we would still go.
即使下雨，我们还是会去。(虚拟)
I’ll go fishing provided (that) it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好的话我就去钓鱼。
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做的很不错了。(given为介词，“考虑到”)
Considering that Frank did not have the potential to do the important work well, the boss fired him.鉴于弗兰克没有潜力把那件重要的工作做好，老板解雇了他。
2.有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句中作独立成分。
这些短语有：to be honest(老实说)，to be sure (确实)， to be true (真的),
to tell (you) the truth (说实话)， to cut a long story short (长话短说)，to be frank (with you) (坦率地说)，to make matters / things worse (更糟糕的是)，to begin with(首先),
to be exact(确切地说), to do him justice (公平对待，尽量利用) 等等。
①To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.
说实话，我犯了一个拼写错误。
②To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me.
我对这个剧非常失望。
③To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.
情况更糟的是，许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作，而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。
The car burns more fuel, but ___ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take
答案解析：选D，独立成分作状语。
这辆汽车耗油量较大，但是综合整体情况来看，它仍不失为一部好车。
有些分词短语的形式是固定的，不受上下文影响，可以独立存在，因此被称为独立成分。它并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，它在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法或固定短语，用来修饰整个句子。
这些短语有：Generally speaking (总的说来)，Frankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰当地说)，Judging from/by (从……判断)，Supposing (假设)，taking… into consideration(考虑到)等等。
① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
② 总的说来，这条规则很容易懂。
Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.
总的来说，这本小说不是很有趣。
③ Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
总的来说，女生比男生更谨慎。
④ Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
说到旅游，你去过北京吗?
④Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所说的来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。
⑤Judging from her face, she must be ill.
从她的脸色看，她一定生病了。
⑤ Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
⑥ 从她上封信看,他们过的非常快。
⑦Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.
考虑各种因素，你最好离开。
例题:
____, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
(答案解析：答案是D。Judging from…从什么中判断，是一个固定短语。整句话的意思是：从他的外表来看，他似乎很紧张。)
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