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英语主谓一致使用原则
导语:主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,下面YJBYS小编分享英语主谓一致使用原则,欢迎参考!
在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须保持一致,并且大致遵循以下三个原则:
1. 就近一致原则
即句子的谓语动词同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你而是我应该受责。
Not only you but also your teacher is supposed to go. 不仅你要去,而且你的老师也要去。
2. 语法一致原则
即谓语动词与主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词用复数形式。如:
The girls are busy packing. 姑娘们在忙着收拾东西。
The last few winters have been very cold. 过去几个冬天都很冷。
Many a student has seen the film. 许多学生看过这部电影。
3. 意义一致原则
即谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的意义,而不是其语法形式。如:
People are lying on the beach. 人们躺在海滩上。
The steel works is closed for the holidays. 钢厂因放假关门了。
和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下:
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
The following are good examples
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