英语语法基础知识点

时间：2024-10-24 13:44:29 林惜基础英语我要投稿

英语语法基础知识点大全

　　上学期间，大家最熟悉的就是知识点吧？知识点在教育实践中，是指对某一个知识的泛称。为了帮助大家更高效的学习，以下是小编为大家收集的英语语法基础知识点大全，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

英语语法基础知识点大全

　　现在进行时

　　表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.

　　如：It is raining now.

　　外面正在下雨

　　It is six oclock now.

　　现在6点了

　　My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

　　我父母正在客厅看报纸

　　Look! The children are having a running race now.

　　看！孩子们正在赛跑

　　问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.

　　一般现在时

　　表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。

　　结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.

　　如：We have an English lesson every day.

　　我们每天都要上英语课

　　Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

　　男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的

　　问句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt，后面动词一定要还原。

　　一般过去时

　　表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

　　结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。

　　注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

　　如：My earphones were on the ground just now.

　　我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

　　Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

　　你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了

　　What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

　　你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。

　　问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；

　　否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。

　　一般将来时

　　表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

　　如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

　　你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。

　　The children are going to have a sports meeting next week.

　　孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

　　Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

　　Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

　　问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.

　　情态动词

　　can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加动词原形。

　　如：The girl cant swim, but she can skate.

　　女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰

　　Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

　　不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。

　　祈使句

　　肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以dont加动词原形开头。

　　如：Open the box for me ,please.

　　请为我打开盒子。

　　Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

　　刘涛，明天请早点起床！

　　Dont walk on the grass!

　　不要在草地上走！

　　Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.

　　海伦！不要爬树。

　　go的用法

　　去干嘛用go +动词ing

　　如: go swimming; go fishing;

　　go skating;

　　go camping;

　　go running;

　　go skiing;

　　go rowing…

　　比较

　　than 前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。

　　如：My mother is two years younger than my father.

　　我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

　　Tony jumps as far as Ben.

　　托尼跳得和本一样远。

　　喜欢做某事

　　用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

　　如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.

　　苏阳喜欢种花。

　　The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

　　孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

　　想要做某事

　　用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

　　例：Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum.

　　some

　　用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用

　　如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

　　代词

　　人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

　　宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后

　　如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

　　宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

　　形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their

　　名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

　　介词

　　介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式

　　如：be good at running;

　　do well in jumping;

　　时间介词

　　季节前，月份前用介词in

　　如：in summer；in March

　　具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on

　　如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

　　在几点钟前用介词at

　　如： at a quarter to four;

　　只在上下午晚上用in

　　如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

　　但在夜间用at night。

　　另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.

　　名词复数构成的方法

　　有规则的有：

　　(1)直接在名词后加s

　　如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

　　(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

　　如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

　　(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

　　如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

　　(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）

　　不规则的有：

　　man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

　　动词第三人称单数的构成

　　(1)直接在动词后加s

　　如：run—runs; dance—dances

　　(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

　　如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

　　(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

　　如：study—studies; carry—carries;

　　现在分词的构成

　　(1)直接在动词后加ing

　　如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;

　　(2)双写词尾加ing

　　如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

　　(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

　　如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

　　规则动词过去式的构成

　　(1)直接在动词后加ed

　　如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

　　(2)以e结尾的直接加d

　　如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;

　　(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

　　如：study—studied;carry—carried;

　　(4)双写词尾加ed

　　如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

　　不规则的有：am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

　　形容词副词比较级的构成

　　规则的：

　　(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

　　如；small—smaller; low—lower;

　　(2)以e结尾的加r

　　如：late—larer;

　　(3)双写词尾加er

　　如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

　　(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

　　如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

　　不规则的有：

　　good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;

　　rain与snow的用法

　　(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

　　如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

　　(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：

　　动词原形rain， snow；

　　第三人称单数rains ，snows；

　　现在分词raining； snowing

　　过去式rained； snowed;

　　如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。

　　②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

　　③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

　　④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

　　(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

　　如：It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

　　If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。

　　比较级

　　注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

　　如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.

　　have, has

　　表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There is/ are;

　　There was/ were 表示某地存在有

　　注意There be 句型的就近原则

　　单数或不可数用there is /was;

　　复数用there are/ were.

　　本身就是复数的词

　　眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

　　如：My glasses were on the chair just now.

　　但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数

　　如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

　　五个元音字母分别是

　　Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

　　一个的用法

　　a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

　　如：There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.

　　时间表示法

　　有两种：

　　（1）直接读时钟和分钟。

　　如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;

　　(2)用to与past表示。

　　在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

　　如：6：10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

　　过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

　　如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;

　　基数词变序数词的方法

　　基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

　　八去t，九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth）；

　　ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);

　　几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。

　　另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

　　日期的表示法

　　用the+序数词+ of +月

　　如:三月三日 the third of March;

　　12月25日 the 25th of December.

　　both 表示两者都

　　如：My parents are both teachers.

　　all表示三者以上都

　　如：The students are all very excited.

　　节日的表示法

　　有day的节日前用on.

　　没有day的节日前用at,

　　如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.

　　激动兴奋的

　　excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人；

　　exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情

　　如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

　　赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。

　　比较

　　两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级

　　如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

　　谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。

　　Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

　　你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。

　　Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

　　你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。

　　动词还原的用法

　　前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

　　如：Did she watch TV last night?

　　Helen doesnt like taking photos.

　　到了

　　到达用get to

　　但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to

　　如：get home; get here; get there,

　　另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

　　长着和穿着

　　长着什么用with

　　如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；

　　穿着什么用in

　　如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

　　或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

　　让某人做某事

　　用let sb后加动词原形

　　如：Let’s water the flowers together.

　　是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。

　　帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

　　如：帮我学英语是 help me with my English

　　树上

　　外来的东西在树上用in the tree

　　如：the bird in the tree;

　　树上长的用on the tree

　　如：the apples on the tree

　　运动和乐器

　　球类之前不加the;乐器之前必须加the如：play the piano; play football

　　一周中的第一天是Sunday;

　　一年中的第一个月是January

　　get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

　　如：get stronger; get longer

　　高考英语语法知识点

　　1、名词

　　(1)可数名词及其单复数

　　(2)不可数名词

　　(3)专有名词

　　(4)名词所有格

　　2、代词

　　(1)人称代词：主格和宾格形式

　　(2)物主代词：形容词与名词性形式

　　(3)反身代词：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.

　　(4)指示代词this, that, these, those

　　(5)不定代词some, any, no, etc.

　　(6)疑问代词what, who, whose, which, etc.

　　3、数词

　　(1)基数词

　　(2)序数词

　　4、介词和介词短语词：汇表中所列介词的基本用法

　　5、连词：词汇表中所列连词的基本用法

　　6、形容词(比较级和最高级)

　　(1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法

　　(2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法

　　①构成-er, -est; more, the most

　　②基本句型

　　as+原级形式+as. . .

　　not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

　　比较级形式+than. . .

　　the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

　　7、副词(比较级和最高级)

　　(1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法

　　(2)疑问副词when, where, how

　　(3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)

　　①构成-er, -est; more, the most

　　②基本句型

　　as+原级形式+as. . .

　　not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

　　比较级形式+than. . .

　　the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

　　8、冠词：一般用法

　　9、动词

　　(1)行为动词或实义动词：①及物动词②不及物动词

　　(2)连系动词be, look, turn, get,become, etc.

　　(3)助动词be, do, have, shall, will, etc.

　　(4)情态动词can, may, must, need, etc.

　　10、时态

　　(1)一般现在时

　　I get up at six oclock every morning.

　　He doesnt speak Russian.

　　They are very busy.

　　The moon moves round the earth.

　　When you see him, tell himto come to my place.

　　Ill go to see you tonight if Im free.

　　(2)一般过去时

　　I was in Grade One last year.

　　I got up at five yesterday.

　　(3)一般将来时

　　①shall ( will)+动词原形

　　I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.

　　She will be here tomorrow.

　　②be going to+动词原形

　　Im going to help him.

　　(4)现在进行时

　　Were reading the text now.

　　Theyre waiting for a bus.

　　(5)现在完成时

　　I have already posted the letter.

　　They have lived here for ten years.

　　(6)过去进行时

　　We were having a meeting this time yesterday.

　　The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.

　　(7)过去完成时

　　We had learned four English songs by theendof last year.

　　The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.

　　She said that she had not heardfromhim since he left Beijing.

　　(8)过去将来时

　　He said he would go to the cinema that evening.

　　Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.

　　11、被动语态(一般现在时，一般过去时，含有情态动词，一般将来时)

　　(1)一般现在时的被动语态

　　English is taught in that school.

　　(2)一般过去时的被动语态

　　The song was written by that worker.

　　(3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态

　　She must be sent to hospital at once.

　　(4)一般将来时的被动语态

　　The homework will be done in two hours .

　　12、非谓语动词

　　(1)动词不定式(全部掌握)

　　①作主语

　　To learn a foreign language is not easy.

　　It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

　　②作宾语They began to read.

　　③作宾语补足语

　　Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.

　　We often heard her sing.

　　④作定语

　　I have an important meeting to attend.

　　⑤作状语

　　She went to see her grandma yesterday.

　　⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后

　　I dont know how to usea computer.

　　Do you know when to start?

　　He didnt know what to do next.

　　(2)动词的-ing形式

　　(3)动词的-ed形式

　　13、构词法

　　(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room

　　(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy

　　(3)转化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )

　　(4)缩写和简写

　　14、句子种类

　　(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)

　　(2)疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句

　　(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)

　　(4)感叹句

　　15、句子成分

　　(1)主语

　　Betty likes her new bike.

　　He gets up early every day.

　　To learn a foreign language is not easy.

　　(2)谓语(主谓一致)

　　We work hard.

　　The boy caught a bird.

　　He is my brother.

　　They all look fine.

　　(3)表语

　　Her sister is a nurse.

　　Its me.

　　Im ready.

　　He got angry.

　　We were at home last night.

　　His cup is broken.

　　(4)宾语

　　Tom bought a story-book.

　　I saw him yesterday.

　　He wanted to have a cup of tea.

　　(5)直接宾语和间接宾语

　　He gave me some ink.

　　Our teacher told us an interesting story.

　　(6)宾语补足语

　　Call her Xiao Li.

　　You must keep the room clean.

　　John asked me to help him.

　　(7)定语

　　This is a green jeep.

　　This is an apple tree.

　　Are these students your classmates?

　　Winter is the coldest season of the year.

　　I have something to tell you.

　　(8)状语

　　You are quite right.

　　She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.

　　He stopped to have a look.

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