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表示最坏的英语前缀：mal
英语单词里面，尤其是前缀部分如果出现mal的时候，一般表示“坏，恶”，下面让我们一起认识一下这个前缀吧！
malevolent 恶毒的；
malicious 恶毒的；
malign 诽谤；
malnourished 营养不良的；
malnutrition 营养不良；
现在大家应该清楚mal这个“偏旁部首”了吧，一般单词开头出现它，我们大概可以知道这个词一般是贬义或者描述不好的东西。
①malevolent
Having or showing intense ill will or hatred.
Captain Ahab sees Moby Dick not simply as a whale but as a powerfully malevolent foe.
Malevolence runs deep. Malevolent enemies have bitter and lasting feelings of ill will. Malevolent racism and bigotry can erupt in acts of violence against innocent people. Malevolence can also show itself in hurtful words, and can sometimes be seen in something as small as an angry look or gesture.
我们看到，这段解释malevolent的文字里，还出现了很多贬义的词汇、近义词，ill邪恶的，hatred憎恨，foe敌人，bitter痛苦的，racism种族歧视，bigotry顽固等等，从各个维度让我们感受malevolent这个“邪恶”的单词。
②malicious
Desiring to cause pain, injury, or distress to another.
The boys didn't take the apples with any malicious intent; they were just hungry and didn't know any better.
Malicious and malevolent are close in meaning, since both refer to ill will that desires to see someone else suffer. But while malevolent suggests deep and lasting dislike, malicious usually means petty and spiteful. Malicious gossipers are often simply envious of a neighbor's good fortune. Vandals may take malicious pleasure in destroying and defacing property but usually don't truly hate the owners. Malice is an important legal concept, which has to be proved in order to convict someone of certain crimes such as first-degree murder.
这里面出现的跟malicious相关的近义词也有很多： dislike厌恶，petty小气的，spiteful怀恨的，envious嫉妒的，malice恶意。
③malign
To make harsh and often false or misleading statements about.
Captain Bligh of the Bounty may be one of the most unjustly maligned figures in British naval history. Malign is related to verbs like defame, slander, and libel.
The person or group being maligned is the victim of false or misleading statements, even if the maligner isn't necessarily guilty of deliberate lying. Someone or something that's frequently criticized is often said to be “much maligned,” which suggests that the criticism isn't entirely fair or deserved. Malign is also an adjective, and writers often refer to a person's malign influence. The very similar malignant, which used to be a common synonym of malign, today tends to describe dangerous medical conditions, especially cancerous tumors.
defame诽谤， libel 是法律术语，指的是书面上的诽谤，而slander指口头上的诽谤；
malign作动词时表示诽谤， 作形容词表示“恶意的”。 malignant现在多用在医学上，表示“恶性的”，例如malignant tumor恶性肿瘤。 U君提示大家，良性肿瘤一般用benign tumor来表示。
④malnourished
Badly or poorly nourished.
When they finally found the children in the locked cabin, they were pale and malnourished but unharmed.
Malnourished people can be found in all types of societies. Famine and poverty are only two of the common causes of malnutrition. In wealthier societies, malnutrition is often the result of poor eating habits. Any diet that fails to provide the nutrients needed for health and growth can lead to malnutrition, and some malnourished people are actually fat.
单词malnourished表示营养不良的，而名词一般用malnutrition，饥荒（famine）和贫穷一般是导致营养不良的原因。发达国家营养不良的人可能是由于饮食习惯不科学，有很多肥胖的人也可能是营养不良症患者。
拓展：常见的英语单词前缀整理
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, noesense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience
3)表示反动作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示相反，相互对立意思
anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign ,(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”
aboard, aside,
2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”
bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转”
circumstance, circuit
4)de-, 表示“在下，向下”
descend, degrade
5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”
encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”
exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-, 表示“额外”
extraction （提取）
8)fore- 表示“在前面”
forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”
international, interaction, internet
11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”
introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”
Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”
outline, outside, outward
14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”
overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”
postscript(附言)，
16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”
prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前”
progress, proceed,
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下”
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”
superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”
translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”
underline, underground, underwater
22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”
upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀
1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先”
antecedent, anticipate,
2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧”
expresident, exhusband
3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面”
foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)
4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间”
midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表示“在后，后”
postwar,
6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先”
preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”
prologue (序幕)，prophet(预言家)
8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新”
retell, rewrite
4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-, 表示“副，次要的”
byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-,表示“超越，额外”
extraordinary,
3)hyper- 表示“超过，极度”
hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out-,表示“超过，过分”
outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太”
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚”
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣，低下”
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice- 表示“副，次”
vicepresident, vicechairman
5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。
connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类”
symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀
1)al- 表示“完整，完全”alone, almost,
2) over-表示“完全，全”overall, overflow(充满)
3) pan-表示“全，总，万”panentheism(泛神论)，panorama
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