初二英语上册语法知识点复习详解
a lot of与many/much
37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much
1.a lot of意为"许多、大量",相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。如:
I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。
The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。
2.many意为"许多".它用来修饰可数名词。如:
Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗?
3.much意为"大量".它用来修饰不可数名词。如:
There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们改为many或much。如:
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
---We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots of soda.
---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗?
关于like的用法
like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。
1、like 作动词,表示一般性的"爱好、喜欢",有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗?
"喜欢某人做某事"可以用结构"like sb to do sth/doing sth"。如:They all like me to sing/singing English songs.
他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词,可译成"像......"。如:
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子:
A. What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征)
B. What is he like? 他人怎么样? (指人的性格特点)
C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)
D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似)
a little/a few/a bit
a little, a few 与 a bit (of) a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有"一些、少量"的意义。他们的区别:
1. a little 意为"一些、少量",后接不可数名词。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为"一些、少数",后接复数的可数名词。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为"一点儿",后接形容词。如:
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little和a few表肯定意义,little和few表否定意义;如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为"有
点儿"。
穿、戴的表达
英语中表示"穿、戴"的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:
1、put on 主要表达"穿"的'动作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示"穿、戴"的状态。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词,有"给......穿衣"的意思,后接"人",而不是"衣服"。如:
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book". 单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion". 单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗?
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a.如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
in与after
in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:
He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。
不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。
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