中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词

时间:2022-08-05 12:18:11 基础英语 我要投稿
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中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词

  英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。以下是小编精心整理的中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词

  中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词1

  1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如:

  The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

  该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的.宾语。

  2、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:

  指人 指物 指人或指物

  主格 who which that

  宾格 whom that that

  属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

  例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

  He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

  说明:非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

  3、关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如:

  He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

  说明: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外,关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略,例如:

  I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。

  He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

  中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词2

  1.用于引导限制性定语从句,主要与such, as, the same连用,其意为“像……的”“凡是……的.”“……一类的人(物)”。如:

  He’s not such a fool as he looks.

  他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。

  He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.

  他并不是一个做事半途而废的人。

  You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

  你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。

  He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.

  他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。

  2.用于引导非限制性定语从句,根据情况可位于主句之前或之后,有时也可插在主句中间,其意为“这件事”“这一点”。

  He is late, as is often the case.

  他迟到了,这是经常的事。

  As is usual with children, they soon got tired.

  孩子们一贯如此, 他们很快就厌倦了。

  David, as you know, has not been well lately.

  大卫最近身体不太好,这你是知道的。

  中考英语难点语法详解:关系代词3

  【语法】

  (1) 关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as的用法

  英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as,它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词,又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分, 如主语、宾语、表语或定语。如:

  This is the man who saved your son.

  这就是救了你儿子的那个人。(who在从句中作主语,先行词是man)

  The man whom I met yesterday is Jim.

  我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆。(whom在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是man)

  He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.

  他想要个窗户面临大海的房间。(whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是room)

  I walked to the gate that opened towards the lake.

  我走向那扇临湖的大门。(that在从句中作主语,它的先行词是gate)

  This is the pen which he bought yesterday.(which在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是pen,可省略)

  As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

  众所周知,月球每个月绕地球转一周。(as在从句中作主语,指代主句)

  (2)关系代词who,whom,whose的区别

  a) who和whom均只用于指人,不用于指事或物,其中who在定语从句中用作主语,whom在定语从句中用作宾语。Who有时可代替whom作宾语,但在介词后面一定要用whom作介词的宾语。如:

  She said she huffed the persons who flattered her.

  她说她看不起那些拍她马屁的人。

  The man who / whom you met just now is called Jim.

  你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。

  She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

  她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。

  b)关系代词whose既可用于指人,也可用于指事或物,它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如:

  This is the woman whose name is known all over the country.

  这个是一个名字被整个国家所熟知的女科学家。

  练习题

  1、关系代词who的'用法:who“谁”,用来表示人,在定语从句中作主语。这里的who一般可以用that来替换。

  【例1】Jack, there is someone in the office_____ would like to speak with you.

  A. who B. which C. whom

  【研习】先行词是“someone”表示人,所填的关系代词在定语从句中作主语,所以排除B和C选项。故选择A。这里的who可以用that来替换。

  2、关系代词that的用法:that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定,它可以表示人,也可以表示物。作主语表示人时,that和who一般可以互换;作宾语表示人时,that和 whom一般可以互换;作主语、宾语表示物时,that 和which一般可以互换,而且都可以省略。

  【例2】The scientist and his achievements________you told me about are admired by us all .

  A. that B. which C. who D. whose

  【研习】先行词是“the scientist and his achievements”,表示人和物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语只用that。故选择A。

  【例3】The boy _______I talked with just now is my best friend .

  A. which B. that C. whose D. where

  【研习】先行词是“the boy”,表示人作宾语,答案A是物,答案C和D分别作定语和状语,故选择B。这里的that可以用whom来替换(可以省略)。

  【例4】The book _______he bought yesterday is very interesting .

  A . 不填B. why C. when D. what

  【研习】先行词是“the book”,表示物,关系代词作定语从句的宾语;答案B和C作状语,D不能引导定语从句。故选择A。

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