英语口语语法的时态应用奥秘
英语语法口诀(十)——动词的时态
四种时间各四式,联想对比便于记。时间现在和过去,各自还有将来时。一般、完成、进行式,完成进行是四式。四四共有十六种,看来复杂掌握易;除去have / be以外,动词变化有规律。
英语语法口诀(九)——be的变化
动词be,变化大,
"用"am"“You"用"are"
Is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she)
复数一定要用"are”,
切莫用错闹笑话。
不要滥用时态呼应
编者按:动词时态呼应是英语语法的一个重要原则,但是同学们在应用时,容易将这一原则滥用。我们一定要注意区分。
英语时态在许多情况都是前后呼应的,即上文所用的某种时态与下文所用的某种时态存在一定的关联性。正确地运用时态呼应本来也是一种做时态题的技巧,但是,如果不加理解地滥用它,则会适得其反。如:
1.I _______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
许多同学一看到后面的have never regretted为现在完成时,同时选项C也是现在完成时,结果滥用时态呼应,将答案误选C。其实,此题的最佳答案是A。句中but后的句子告诉我们,说话者现在已搬回了上海,所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情,故应用一般过去时。
2.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
有的同学一看到句中的was hoping,便想当然地认为答案是A或C。其实,此题的最佳答案是B,用现在完成时表示目前决定“已经”作出。其实,假若此处填过去时态,它与其后宾语从句中的won’t, can也自相矛盾,故应排除。
英语语法口诀(三)——肯定句变一般疑问句
肯定句变一般疑问句have和be提句首,其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变,动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个,第一助词提句首。
英语语法口诀(二)——语序篇
主、谓、宾、表同汉语,定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊,不能全和汉语比。
动词易混淆 勤学巧辨析
编者按:英语中有很多相关的动词,他们的'意义相近,有的形态也比较相近,但是表达的意义却颇有差别。它们往往因为差别细微而难于辨析,却在用错时增添许多尴尬。所以我们要学习它们的用法,并且掌握分辨的技巧。
1. receive,accept
"receive” 客观上,收到
"accept” 主观上愿意接受
I received his gift, but I wouldn't like to accept it.
2. fit, suit
"fit” 指“尺寸”的适合
"suit” 指“款式,花样等”的适合
The dress doesn't fit me. It is too long.
Blue is the color that suits her well.
3. answer, reply
"answer” — vt.
"reply” — vi 须和 "to”连用
"You needn't know it.” He answered.
So far, they haven't answered / replied to our questions.
4. spend, cost, take
"spend” (spent, spent) 花“时间,金钱”主语须是人。
He spend 5 hours writing the article.
"cost” (cost, cost) 花费“金钱,时间,劳力”可接双宾,主语须是“物”。
The book cost me $20 and 2 days.
"take” 通常指花“时间”主语须是“某种事情”。
It takes me 20 minuter to go to school.
The work took me longer than I expected.
5. assure,ensure
"assure” 使放心 assure sb. of sth.
assure sb. that...
I can assure you of my honesty.
"ensure” 保证 ensure sth.(其后不能接人称)
ensure that
ensure doing sth.
I can ensure his safety.
He ensured that he finished the job in time.
He ensured coming back later.
编辑点评:上面只是英语中易混淆的词语辨析的一些举例,实际上这样的词还有许多,要在学习中不断总结。
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