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英语六级翻译训练及翻译指导
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翻译训练题一
1. Tom was said________(已经昏迷不醒) when the ambulance arrived.
2. He dreamt of being the richest man__________(正如你在这个年纪时常做的一样).
答案解析:
1.答案: to have remained unconscious// to have been in a coma.
详解:
考查不定式: 空格前已有was said提示，因此“据说”要用sb. is said to do sth. 句型结构来表达。
考查时态: 句子的谓语动词使用一般过去时was said, "昏迷不醒"这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用完成时。不定式的完成时为to have+过去分词。
考查短语: “昏迷不醒”的表达为remain unconscious或be in a coma。
2. 答案: as often as you did at his age.
详解:
考查as...as引导的比较状语从句。
考查时态: 比较状语从句前后时态保持一致，主句用一般过去式，故此处的从句也用一般过去时。 空格中as引导的分句的谓语为前一分句的重现，故用助动词替代。
考查短语: “在...年纪”表达为at one's age.
翻译训练题二
1. Animals that____________(无法适应变化的环境) will not survive.
2. If _________(你在工作中表现出更多责任心的话), you will have got promoted.
答案解析:
1.答案: can't adapt/adjust themselves to the changing environment
详解:
考查词汇: "适应"可译为adapt/adjust, 这两个词都是及物动词，常用语adapt/adjust oneself to sth. , to 为介词;"变化了的环境"译为the changing environment.
2. 答案: you had showed more responsibility in your previous job.
详解:
考查虚拟语气: 本题是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，所以从句用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would+have+过去分词。
考查固定搭配: "在...方面表现责任心"及"在先前的工作中"分别译为show responsibility in, in one's previous job.
翻译训练题三
1. I decided to accumulate all the information about the car accident as soon as I ___________(接手这个任务).
2. I consider it no good_________________(拨一笔款给那个工厂).
答案解析:
1.答案: took over the task/assignment
详解:
考查时态: 在时间状语从句中，过去将来时常用一般过去时来代替。
考查词语: "接手"译为take over。
2. 答案: allocating a sum of money to that factory
详解:
考查it作形式宾语: 真正的宾语是空格部分所填入的动名词短语。
考查句型it (is) no good doing sth., 意为"做...没有用"。
考查短语: "拨款"译为allocate money to; "一笔钱"译为a sum of money。
翻译训练题四
1. He takes the pills on time_________(以免心脏病再次发作).
2. _______________(这座城市曾经一定很繁荣), for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
答案解析:
1.答案: for fear that he should suffer from a heart attack
详解:
考查目的状语从句.
考查时态: “以免”可译为for fear that, in case that, lest,它们引导的目的状语从句—般用虚拟语气，故从句中用should+动词原形。
考査短语: "心脏病发作”表达为suffer from a heart attack.
2. 答案: The city must have been prosperous at one time
详解:
考查情态动词表示猜测: 表示对过去事情很有把握的推断，用must have+过去分词。
考查短语: at one time意为“曾经”。
翻译训练题五
1. So far, the production of automobiles____________(比去年增加了三倍).
2. He had been pacing up and down in the study, and he____________(突然想出一个好主意).
答案解析:
1.答案: has tripled that of last year//has increased by times compared with last year
详解:
考查倍数: “增加了三倍”译has tripled或has increased by three times.
考查短语: so far意为“迄今为止",通常跟现在完成时连用。
2. 答案: Suddenly came up with a good idea.
详解:
考查时态: 句首分句用了过去完成进行时，表示在过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作或反复的动作。后一分句用一般过去时，强调过去某个时候发生的动作。
考查短语: "想出" 可译为come up with.
翻译训练题六
1. Police encouraged netizens to post photos of child beggars_________(以帮助认出并救出丢失的儿童)。
2. It was not until the fatal moment_________(他才会冒着生命危险与犯罪分子作斗争).
答案解析:
1.答案: In order to help indentify and rescue the missing/lost children.
详解:
考查短语: “以...”表目的，可译为in order to//so as to.
考查使役动词help的用法: help后接不定式时to省略。
考查词汇: “认出并营救”译为indentify and rescue
2. 答案: that he would risk his life to fight against the criminals
详解:
考查not until引导的强调句: not until “直到...才”。
考查短语: “冒着生命危险”译作risk one's life;“作斗争”译作fight against.
翻译训练题七
1. On no condition___________(你能独自一人去徒步旅行) because I didn't want you to take such a blind risk.
2. Without the government's effort, ____________(读写能力就没有这么普及).
答案解析:
1.答案: could you go hiking alone
详解:
考查否定意义词组位于句首的倒装: on no condition"在任何情况下都不"之语从句的句首，从句的谓语要部分倒装,即把助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。
考查短语: "徒步旅行“表达为go hiking.
2. 答案: literary would not have been so widespread.
详解:
考查虚拟语气: 句子表层虽没有通常使用if 或I wish等表示条件的句子，但其深层结构或是上下文中还有暗含有条件的。本句中without短语表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句谓语动词用would+have+过去分词。
翻译训练题八
1. I cherished my college life, and I shall never_____________(忘记被提名为学生会主席).
2. It is ridicuous that some girls managed to keep a slim figure___________________(以牺牲健康为代价).
答案解析:
1.答案: forget being nominated as Charirperson of the Student Union.
详解:
考查forget的宾语为不定式或动名词在意思上的区别: forget的宾语是不定式时，其意思是"忘记" 了将要做的事情;forget的宾语是动名词时，其意思是"忘记”了过去曾经做过的事情，“被提名为学生会主席”是已经做过的事情，故用动名词。
考查被动语态: "我"是"提名"的承受者，故用被动语态。
考查短语: "提名某人为...”表达为nominate sb. as...。
2. 答案: at the expense of their health.
详解:
考查词汇: “以...为代价"可译为at the expense/cost of; 注意，“健康”为不可数名词，译为health.
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