大学英语AB级重点语法结构复习

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大学英语AB级重点语法结构复习

　　导语：大学英语AB级专科生必考的测试，因此我们要重点复习一下英语的语法，不然久不碰英语的考生连最基本的语法都会忘记。下面YJBYS小编分享大学英语AB级重点语法结构，欢迎参考!

大学英语AB级重点语法结构复习

　　一、时态与语态

　　考察重点：

　　▲过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示过去。(by the time/the end of )+ 表示过去时间的短语或句子。

　　hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时;

　　no sooner + 过去完成时 + than + 过去时

　　▲ 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

　　状语词组：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。

　　▲ 将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。by (the time/end of )+表示将来的时间或句子。

　　1) By the end of this month, we surely ____a satisfactory solution to the problem.

　　A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding

　　2) It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it high.

　　A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

　　3) the conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.

　　A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

　　4) Until then, ____ his family from him for six months.

　　A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing

　　C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard

　　二、情态动词

　　情态动词测试重点：

　　▲ should (ought to) +have +p.p. (应该发生而没有发生的事情)

　　▲ might(could)+have +p.p. (过去可能发生而没有发生的事情)

　　▲ must+have +p.p. (对过去事件的推论) 只用于肯定句。否定句用can’t , can.

　　1) The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned.

　　A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been

　　B. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

　　2) With all this work on hand, he ____ to the cinema last night.

　　A. mustn’t go B. wouldn’t go

　　C. oughtn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone

　　三、动词不定式

　　考察重点：不定式的完成式，进行式和被动式。

　　1) Mrs. Brown is supposed ____ for

　　A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left

　　2) I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem____ all the time.

　　A. to get worse B. getting worse

　　C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse

　　3) This book is said _____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.

　　A. to have been translated B. to translate

　　C. to be translated D. to have translated

　　四、分词(现在分词和过去分词)

　　(一) 分词作状语

　　当分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系，过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。

　　1) Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

　　A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

　　2) _____ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.

　　A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving

　　3) Heated，water changes into steam. (时间状语)

　　当受热时，水就变成了蒸汽。

　　4) Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. (原因)

　　由于不知道如何处理这个问题，我向老师求助。

　　5) Being ill, the girl still came to class yesterday. (让步)

　　虽然病了，这个女孩仍然来上课了。

　　6)His father died, leaving his son nothing. (结果)

　　他父亲死了，给他的儿子什么都没留下。

　　(二)分词的独立结构

　　当分词短语作作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。

　　1)His voice _______，he said he was too upset to say any more.

　　A)shake B)be shaking

　　C)was shaking D)shaking

　　2)Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

　　冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

　　3) More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

　　4) Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.

　　她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。(时间)

　　5)The condition being favorable, he may succeed.(条件)

　　若条件有利，他或许能成功。

　　6)There being no taxis, we had to walk.(表示原因)

　　没有出租车，我们只好步行。

　　7)Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. (伴随情况)

　　几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体

　　(三)分词短语作定语和宾补

　　1)The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.

　　A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing

　　2) The first text book _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written

　　3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定语---被动意义)

　　4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. (完成意义)

　　5) Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? (后置定语)

　　6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise

　　(四)With+名词(代词)+ V-ed/ V-ing

　　1). John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.

　　A. finished B. finishing

　　C. having finished D. was finished

　　2). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.

　　A. going on B. goes on

　　C. went on D. to go on

　　(五) 动名词

　　考察重点

　　只跟动名词的动词：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confess, include, acknowledge, understand,

　　To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：

　　be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing

　　object to, look forward to状语从句

　　1)They are considering ____ before the prices go up.

　　A. of buying the house B. with buying the house

　　C. buying the house D. to buy the house

　　2) it’s no use ____ me not to worry.

　　A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having told

　　difficulty

　　trouble

　　have a good/hard time (in) +v-ing

　　no business

　　please

　　(六) 定语从句

　　考察重点：

　　▲ that, as, when, where, which, whose 引导的定语从句

　　▲ 名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级和最高级+of +which /whom

　　▲ 介词 + which/whose/whom

　　1) A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.

　　A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which

　　2) The train ____ she was traveling was late.

　　A. which B. where C. on which D. in that

　　3) Some of the roads were flooded, ___ made our journey more difficult.

　　A. which B. it C. what D. that

　　4) He has two sons, ___ work as chemists.

　　A. two of whom B. both of whom

　　C. both of which D. all of whom

　　5) ____ might be expected, the response to the question was vey mixed.

　　A. As B. That C. It D. What

　　(七) 状语从句

　　考察重点：

　　1)时间状语从句的名词词组：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant

　　2) 原因状语从句的连词：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason that, now that, given that, because, since, as, for

　　3) 目的状语从句：lest, in case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that

　　4) 条件状语从句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that(假若), suppose that, in case that, on condition that， assuming that，(假定)，suppose/supposing that (假使)

　　5)比较状语从句：the more …the more, than(不同程度的比较) , as(同级比较)

　　6)让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc.

　　1). We won’t give up ______________we should fail ten times.

　　A. even if B. since C. whether D. until

　　2) We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.

　　A. until B. since C. while D. when

　　3) . Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.

　　A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as

　　4) . He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.

　　A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that

　　5) Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.

　　A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize

　　C.I didn’t realize D. I realized

　　(八) 虚拟语气

　　在下列表示具有请求、建议、愿望、命令等主观意向的动词、形容词、名词、过去分词等之后的从句中，需用虚拟语气。形式是“should+动词原形”或者省去“should”, 直接用动词原形。

　　1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句

　　常用动词有：一个坚持(insist);

　　两个命令(order, command);

　　四项要求(demand, desire, require, request);

　　四条建议(advise, suggest, propose, recommend)。

　　1)The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.

　　A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

　　2) He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

　　2. 用于主语从句

　　常用形容词：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferable, vital, insistent, crucial(紧要关头), strange(不可思议的)

　　常用的分词：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested，desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等

　　1)、It is vital that enough money____ to fund the project.

　　A)be collected B)must be collected

　　C)is collected D)can be collected

　　2)、It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.

　　A)is not started B)will not be started

　　C)is not to be started D)not be started

　　3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句

　　常见的名词有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, recommendation, resolution

　　1) My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group.

　　我的建议是我们派几个人去帮相别的小组。

　　2) This was his order that we stay where we were.

　　4 虚拟语气用于状语从句

　　1)_____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving

　　C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive

　　2) The tree looked as if it ____for a long time.

　　A. hasn’t watered B. didn’t water

　　C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered

　　5 虚拟语气的其它用法

　　1)It is (high, about) time…句型，表示“早该干某事而已有些晚了”。If only 引起的感叹句，表示“但愿，该。。。就搞了”。

　　1) It’s time ____ about the traffic problem downtown.

　　A. something was done B. anything will be done

　　C. everything is done D. nothing to be done

　　2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.

　　A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

　　2) 条件暗含在with, without, but for, or , otherwise, except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介词短语中，谓语一般要用should+动词原形或省略should, 直接用动词原形。

　　1)____ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.

　　A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of

　　2) We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.

　　A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned

　　C. would telephone D. had telephoned

　　3) He must have had an accident, or he _______ then.

　　A. would have been here B. had to be here

　　C. should be here D. would be here

　　3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引导目的状语从句。

　　1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (软垫小室) lest he ___ himself. (A)

　　A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure

　　4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的宾语从句。

　　I’d rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.

　　A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t

　　九、主谓一致

　　重点：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

　　▲ 如果主语为单数而后面跟有with， together with，along with, combined with, in addition to, except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。

　　▲ 如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词且前面有every, each, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.

　　▲ Many a (an/another)+名词;more than one + 名词等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：more than one person was involved in the case.

　　▲ The number (variety of ) + 名词作主语;an amount of (a deal of/plenty of )+不可数名词;a quality of +不可数名词，谓语动词均用单数。

　　▲ 由“and”连接两个名词作主语，and后面：的名词若不加冠词，常指同一个人或事物，谓语动词用单数。如：the secretary and manager(书记兼经理)。

　　▲ 以-ics结尾的名词如表示的是一门学科，动词用单数，如指特定事物，动词用复数。

　　▲ 由连词or, either…nor, not only…but also, nor 等连接的两个名词或代词，谓语形式应采用毗邻一致的原则，即谓语与邻近的主语一致。

　　1) How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the children.

　　A. have B. has C. having D. to have

　　十、倒装

　　▲重点：only+副词，介词短语或状语从句引出的句子。

　　▲以never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等引导的句子。

　　1)Only by shouting at the top of his voice _____.

　　A. was he able to make himself hear.

　　B. he was able to make himself, hear.

　　C. he was able to make himself heard.

　　D. was he able to make himself heard.

　　2) She never laughed, _____ lose her temper.

　　A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever

　　C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did

　　十一、强调句

　　强调句的基本结构：It is (was)+被强调的部分+that +句子的其它成分。

　　例如：_______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.

　　A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whom

　　C. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that

　　十二、反义疑问句

　　重点：

　　▲当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, no one, somebody, nobody 等合成词，其含义相当于汉语的人的集合时，附加疑问句的代词用复数they 来代替。当陈述部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问句部分中的主语要用it。如nobody came to see me, did they?

　　▲如果陈述部分是I’m …结构，附加疑问句部分一般用aren’t I. 如I’m stupid, aren’t I ?

　　▲祈使句后可加一个简短问句，使口气变得客气一些。

　　Don’t forget to walk the dog while I am away, _____ ?

　　A. can you B. has been C. do you D. will you

　　十三、代词

　　本部分考察重点是不定代词

　　▲many, much, little, few 都是表示数量的代词。Many , few 用作可数名词，作主语或宾语时，可指人;much, little用作不可数名词，作主语或宾语时指事物。

　　▲both, either, neither用于谈论两个人或东西时使用;谈到三个或更多时用all, any 和none。

　　1)As I was just getting ____ familiar with this job, I had to ask my boss.

　　A. many B.most C.more D. much

　　2) You can park on ______ side of the street.

　　A. either B. any C. all D. both

　　十四、形容词和副词

　　本部分的考察重点是形容词和副词的比较级结构中的应用。

　　1. 形容词和副词的比较级前可用much, far , slightly, a lot, a little, still, ever, … times, any(表示疑问), no, not any(表示否定)等程度的副词表示比较的程度。例如：

　　1) You are far more tolerant than I am.

　　2) After taking the medicine, he did not get any better.

　　3) This room is three times bigger than that one.

　　4) In some modern countries we find a ________ number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.

　　A. large B. far larger C. more large D. more larger

　　5) It is not so ___ it appears to introduce equal pay for equal work.

　　A. easy B. easier than C. easier as D. easy as

　　6) The more we get together, ____ we shall be.

　　A. the happy B. happier C. the happier D. the more happy

　　2. 某些形容词本身已是比较级的形式，在用作“比较”时，后面应跟to，而不是than。常见的有：

　　superior (较高的) prior(顺序在先的)

　　inferior(下等的) anterior(前面的)

　　senior(年长的) posterior (以后的)

　　junior(年少的)

　　1)You needn’t feel inferior to others.

　　2)This new model in our computer department is superior to that one in their department.

　　3)We received no notification prior to today’s date.

　　4)He is several years junior to Mrs. Smith.

　　大学英语语法句子成分

　　关系代词

　　<例句>

　　I met someone who said he knew you.

　　我遇到一个人，他说他认识你。

　　<语法分析>

　　关系代词 who 代表 someone，又引导从句修饰它，同时又在从句中担任主语。关系代词 who, whom, whose, that和which可以用来引导定语从句，这类代词都起着三重作用，一是代表前面的名词，二是把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来，三是在从句里也担任一个成分。who 和 whom都代表人，who 在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。whose在从句中可以作定语。that可以代表人或物，which只能代表物在从句中可充当主语、宾语或介词宾语等。

　　<触类旁通>

　　(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.

　　她弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。

　　语法分析：that 代表 noise，又引导从句修饰它，在从句中担任 made 的宾语。

　　(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.

　　她在报纸上看到的一些消息，或许会使你感兴趣。

　　语法分析：which 代表 something, 又引导从句修饰它，在从句中担任主语。

　　(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.

　　和我一起旅行的那个女孩不会讲英语。

　　语法分析：whom 代表人，在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。

　　(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.

　　我看了一部电影，名字却忘了。

　　语法分析：whose 有时指无生命的东西。

　　(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?

　　刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

　　语法分析：在从句作宾语时，that常可以省略。

　　(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.

　　她的处境非常困难。

　　语法分析：在紧跟介词时，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。

　　关于大学英语语法句子成分

　　some的用法

　　<例句>

　　She's living at some place in Canada.

　　她住在加拿大的某个地方。

　　<语法分析>

　　不定代词some的意思是表示“一些”，可以用来指人或其他可数的东西，也可以用来表示不可数名词的东西，它在肯定句中用作主语、宾语、定语等。在这个句子中，some和单数可数名词连用，其意义是表示“某个”，这与certain的意义相同。

　　<触类旁通>

　　(1) Some of them can speak English.

　　他们中的有些人会讲英语。

　　语法分析：简单用法。

　　(2) Can I take some of these apples?

　　这些苹果我拿些可以吗?

　　语法分析：一般在疑问句里要用any，但有时候却要用到本应用在肯定句中的some这个词，这种用法所表达的含义是希望得到肯定的答复。这个例句的所隐含的意思是我很想拿一些苹果，希望对方给予肯定性的回答。

　　(3) She enjoys some music.

　　她喜欢某些音乐。

　　语法分析：some修饰不可数名词。

　　(4) Aren't there some eggs on the table?

　　桌子上不是有些鸡蛋吗?

　　语法分析：some用于反问句或请求句中。

　　大学基础英语语法句子结构

　　句子的成分

　　1.定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分。

　　句子成分意义例句

　　主语表示句子所说的是"什么人"或"什么事物"，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 Lucy is an American girl.

　　We study in No.1 Middle School .

　　谓语说明主语"做什么"、"是什么"或者"怎么样"。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在"人称"和"数"两方面必须一致 We loveChina . / She is singing .

　　Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .

　　表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is adriver . / Are you ready ?

　　We were at home last night .

　　句子成分意义例句

　　宾语表示动词、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me . /We study English at school

　　Did you see him yesterday ?

　　定语用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 The black bike ismine. / What's your name, please ?

　　We have four lessons in the morning ?

　　状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。People are all working hard. / It is very nice.

　　We had a meeting this afternoon .

　　宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类词有：make, consider, cause,see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry.

　　I find him a good boy .

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