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了解西方文化，必先懂其咖啡
了解西方文化，必先懂其咖啡，一起来学习一下。
【教你识咖啡】
The top favorite types of coffee include espresso, cappuccino, Americano, cafe latte and cafe mocha.
最受大众欢迎的咖啡不外乎以下几种：意式特浓/浓缩咖啡、卡布奇诺、美式、拿铁和摩卡。
Espresso is loved by many coffee connoisseurs (行家) and is known as "the essence of the coffee drinking world". Espresso is made by forcing very hot water under high pressure through finely ground (细磨的) coffee. Crema, a heavy red-brown foam layer, defines well-crafted espresso. It taste strong and bitter for those who are new to the coffee world. But a sip of it will leave a faint fragrance lingering on the palate(味觉).(See photo)
"意式特浓"素有"咖啡之魂"的美称，是许多资深咖啡爱好者的最爱。它由研细的咖啡粉在高压下经高温热水萃取而来。如何才算一杯上好的意式特浓?看表面是否漂浮着一层厚厚的呈棕红色的泡沫——"克丽玛"。由于口味极其浓郁，刚开始喝咖啡的人会觉得它很苦，但绝对唇齿留香。
Americano is an espresso shot that is diluted to taste with hot water. It's said the name was given to insult Americans whom the Europeans believed were not up to drinking straight espressos. Americano is recommended to new coffee enthusiasts who may find the espresso taste is too strong. In China, many coffee shops add cream and sugar to Americano to suit the taste of regular customers.
美式咖啡就是被热水冲淡了的意式特浓。在欧洲人眼里，老美欣赏不了醇厚的咖啡，因此将这种兑淡了的咖啡唤做美式咖啡。对于刚迷上喝咖啡的人来说，可能会觉得意式咖啡过浓，这样美式咖啡就很值得推荐了。国内很多咖啡馆的美式咖啡都加入了奶油和糖来迎合一般消费者的口味。
Cappuccino and latte are the favorites among girls, both consisting of espresso, steamed milk, and frothed milk. All this makes the coffee taste more diluted and weaker. Cappuccino has a thicker layer of frothed milk than latte. When enjoying a quality cup of Cappuccino, with rich aroma and a foam mustache, you are actually enjoying a moment of innocence and romance.(See photo)
卡布奇诺和拿铁是女生们最喜欢的两款咖啡，两者配料完全一致：浓缩咖啡、热蒸奶和奶沫。这样咖啡本身的味道就更淡了。卡布奇诺的奶沫比拿铁更丰厚，品尝一杯好的卡布奇诺时，浓香满溢，奶泡沾上嘴唇，尽享纯真和浪漫的一刻。
Cafe mocha is a popular after-dinner coffee in the West. It is one part espresso with 1 part chocolate syrup and 2 or 3 parts of frothed milk. Whipped cream (鲜奶油) on top is an option. For a friend who rarely drinks coffee but likes chocolate, mocha is the best choice.
在西方，人们喜欢在晚餐后来一杯摩卡咖啡，它的构成是一份特浓咖啡、一份巧克力糖浆加上2-3份奶沫，还可以在最上边加一些鲜奶油。对于不怎么喝咖啡，但钟爱巧克力的朋友来说，摩卡是最佳的选择。
【咖啡物语】
Barista[咖啡师傅]
A barista is a bartender who is expert in the art of making espresso and espresso-based beverages.
咖啡师就是擅长做咖啡和各种咖啡饮品的服务人员。
Shot[一份一盎司的浓缩咖啡]
An additional espresso shot will cost another 10 to 15 cents.
多要一份浓咖啡需再付10到15美分。
Body[醇度]
饮用后，舌头上咖啡留下的口感。
A coffee's body may be light or thin, medium, full, or very full (buttery or syrupy).
咖啡的醇度可以是清淡、稀薄、中等、高等、甚至是脂状(如黄油或糖浆般浓稠)。
No foam[不加奶泡]
如果你不喜欢拿铁上的奶泡沾到鼻子上，可以告知服务人员no foam。
I want some extra foam.
我想要多一点奶泡。
Dry[奶泡较多，牛奶较少]
假如您喜欢充满绵密香甜奶泡的卡布其诺，你可以说：
I want a dry cappuccino.
我要一杯奶泡多的卡布奇诺。
Whip[鲜奶油]
Whipped cream的简写。假如你希望减低咖啡的热量，可以说：
I don't want any whipped cream.
我不要鲜奶油。
Espresso Macchiato[浓缩玛奇朵]
浓缩咖啡上轻柔地用奶泡做上记号。
Caramel Macchiato[焦糖玛奇朵]
星巴克的独创饮品，蒸奶+浓缩咖啡+香草糖浆，最后覆上焦糖。
Espresso Con Pana[浓缩康宝蓝]
浓缩咖啡上覆滑顺鲜奶油。
Caffe Misto[密斯朵咖啡]
一半咖啡，一半牛奶组成的"咖啡牛奶"。
Café Au Lait[欧蕾咖啡]
法国人最爱的早餐咖啡，与密斯朵类似，但牛奶更多。
Kopi Luwak[麝香猫咖啡]
又叫猫屎咖啡, 最贵的咖啡之一。
【来一杯咖啡】
Choose your drink and size. In Starbucks, a short is the equivalent of 8oz, a tall 12oz, and a grande is 16oz.
首先，选择你想要的咖啡以及杯号。在星巴克，有8盎司(240毫升)的小杯、12盎司的中杯(360毫升)以及16盎司的大杯(480毫升)。(注：1盎司=30毫升)
Ask the barista for decaffeinated coffee (无咖啡因的咖啡) if that is what you want. If you like, order a flavoring. Chocolate, vanilla, caramel and hazelnut are the most popular.
如果需要低因咖啡的话可以向咖啡师讲明。喜欢的话还可以给咖啡添加一点风味糖浆，巧克力，香草，焦糖，榛果口味最受欢迎。
口语学起来：
I'd like a short low-fat mocha for here.
我要一杯小杯的低脂摩卡咖啡，在店里用。
I want a tall latte with hazelnut syrup to go.
我要一杯外带中杯双份浓缩榛果拿铁咖啡。
Can you get me a tall iced decaf mocha without whipped cream to go?
麻烦给我外带一杯中杯低咖啡因冰摩卡咖啡，不加鲜奶油。
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