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考博英语真题及答案
无论是在学校还是在社会中，我们总免不了要接触或使用试题，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。一份好的试题都是什么样子的呢？下面是小编帮大家整理的考博英语真题及答案，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
考博英语真题及答案 1
PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )
1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京颁布了新的交通规则。
To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.
考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)
考点二：颁布(issue)
2.有可靠的证据表明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。(evidence)
There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.
考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)
考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译
3.虽然他深知吸烟有害健康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。(aware)
Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.
考点一：be aware of …的用法
考点二：be harmful to …的用法
考点三：对……置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)
4.科学家们不负众望，成功发射了一枚人造卫星。(live)
The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to people’s expectation.
考点一：不负众望(live up to people’s expectation)
考点二：发射卫星(launch a satellite)
5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。(It, dozen)
It was not until 11 o’clock that the heavy fog disappeared and it delayed dozens of flights.
考点一：It was not until…that…的强调句型的'使用
考点二：好几十个(dozens of)
6.书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将我们带到伟大的思想家面前。读书中我们耳闻目睹他们的言行举止，仿佛见到了他们活生生的身影，我们同情他们的遭遇，与他们有东共享、有难同当。他们的遭遇似乎也成为了我们的经历，使我们感到我们自己有点像在他们所描绘的情景中扮演角色。
Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that ever lived. We hear they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience become ours, and we feel as if we were in the scenes which they describe.
7.名声、财产和权利等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。如果你真正意识到这一点，你就会明白，人生在世最重要的事就是活出你自己的特色和滋味来。你的人生是否有意义，衡量的标准不是外在的成功，而是对人生意义的独特领悟和追求。
Fame, wealth and power are merely worldly possessions within the reach of anybody striving for them. But your experience of life and feelings about life are your own and they could not be shared. A full awareness of this will point out you that the most important thing in your existence is your distinctive individuality or something special of yours. What really counts is not your worldly success but your peculiar insight into the meaning of life and your commitment to it.
PART 2 WRITING
Some people claim that the disadvantages of the car are more than the advantages,do you agree or disagree? You should write a composition no less than 200 words.
范文1
the birth of cars have made an enormous change to our life.in the past,we travel from one place to another only by foot,nowadays,cars can do it .its goes without saying that the invention of cars bring great benefit to all of us.but as proverb goes:no garden without weeds.car is not exception.
owing a car has a lot of advantages.for one thing,car provide us the most convenient way of transportation.we can get around freely without spending a lot of time.emotionally,i always found driving is so exciting.for another,its the comfortable to drive a car.In winter.drivers always can stay warm and dry even in rainy whether,in addition,drivers are usually safe in their cars when they are out at night.
Cars bring the human merits,their side-effects gradually come to the surface.firstly,to run a car need a lot of oil,which is getting less and less.the increasing number of cars contribute the lacking of energy.secondly,as more and more cars are used,the traffic especially in big cities is getting heaver and heavier,which lead to the serious social problem--traffic jam.in addition,the increasing numbers of cars ,which exhaust sent a huge quantities of carbon monoxide into atmosphere.it make the air of cities unbreathable,it strip people contact with fresh air.
therefore,the new energy should be explored to replace the oil so that our environment pollution can be avoided .and the strick law should be issued to keep the numbers of cars under control.thus,our heavier traffic can be solved!
范文2
Private cars vs Public traffic
As traffic problems become more and more serious in many cities of developed and developing countries, their governments have to try hard and loads of money and energy have been spent to deal with them.
Firstly, it is not efficient for the commuters to use their private cars to and back from their workplaces. Occasionally we can see they have to sit on the wheels wasting time and fuel in a heavy traffic jam. At the same time, through burning the fossil fuels, green house gas CO2, CO1, acid rain gas SO2, fumes and dusts are being released into the atmosphere, all of which heavily overload the environment. Thirdly, with the increase of private cars, the road traffic accidents are also rise dramatically. For example, in a city with 5000 cars, there will be at least 250 accidents happening everyday, which also burden the public healthy services.
On the contrary, expected public traffic may be an ideal solution to these problems. For example city buses and railways are widely used or being constructed by many cities. People can take buses easily, which can be found every 10 minutes or less in the peak time. Actually, Nottingham Transport Company is building its own light railway in the city, which is announced by the speak man of the company, “It will be completed in the next year, the tickets will be very competitive and at the same time the travel will be very safe and comfortable.”
On the other hand, public traffic had its own disadvantages. Usually it cannot provide door-to-door service. It is inconvenient to go shopping by public vehicles. Sometimes you must wait a long time for the train. And quite a lot of people prefer to enjoy driving.
In conclusion, developing the public traffic is a useful approach to deal with these difficulties. One possible way, if not the best, is to taxi private cars heavily and use these revenues to provide citizens cheaper public traffic services.
范文3
With the development of science and technology, the cars have already become the important component in our daily life gradually. Cars make our life convenient and swift. However, too many cars have caused very serious social problems. Some people claim that the disadvantages of car are more than the advantages. I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.
Since one century [ago], the auto industry has [been] developed at full speed worldwide, and has brought the enormous progresses to our life. For example, the car is the most convenient tool of transportation. We can [be] on and off duty by car every day, we can go to travel by car on the vacation, we can utilize the cars to deal with some emergency too. The car [is] playing an important role in our daily life. They make our rhythm of life faster and faster, make our business become more and more efficient.
On the other hand, the development of the automobile has brought a lot of infant industry to people, Give people countless employment opportunities too. Such as, manufacturing industry, repairing industry and maintaining industry. We are enjoying the convenience that the cars bring to us; at the same time we can utilize the auto industry to support ourselves.However, we can not ignore that too many cars cause enormous social problems, for example, traffic jam, air pollution, traffic accident, to which we have to find a solution.
In a word, the cars have brought enormous change to our life; the advantages are far more than the disadvantages. We should recognize the merit of the cars, and do our best to solve the problems. If so, our life will be brighter.
考博英语真题及答案 2
Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)
Section A
Directions:In this section you will hear five conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear three questions about the conversation. The question will be spoken only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.
Now let’s begin.
Conversation One
1. A. Headache.
B. A broken leg.
C. Toothache.
D. Stomachache.
2. A. A month ago.
B. Two months ago.
C. A year ago.
D. Two years ago.
3. A. The woman’s medical history.
B. The woman’s recent activity.
C. The headache duration.
D. The woman’s family history of headaches.
Conversation Two
4. A. The merits of morning exercise.
B. The demerits of morning exercise.
C. The best time to work out.
D. The benefits to exercise.
5. A. People can have more free time in the morning.
B. People would do more exercise in the whole day.
C. People may need less food.
D. People may need less sleep.
6. A. People can absorb no fat.
B. People may feel more difficult to exercise after breakfast.
C. People’s daily metabolism may be decreased.
D. People can burn more calories.
Conversation Three
7. A. The woman’s husband.
B. The man’s dad.
C. The woman’s friend.
D. The man’s friend.
8. A. He quit smoking for ten years.
B. He coughed badly after quitting smoking.
C. His lungs can not function properly.
D. He was asked to quit smoking by the doctor.
9. A. His lungs may get wrong.
B. His lungs’ function may get to recover.
C. He may have the potential of suffering from lung cancer.
D. His lungs are filled with dead cells.
Conversation Four
10. A. An incurable disease.
B. Her parents’ divorce.
C. Her failed exams.
D. Her mental collapse.
11. A. She had many friends.
B. She failed exams at primary school.
C. She lost her parents.
D. Her parents got divorced.
12. A. To deal with the problems.
B. To communicate with her friends.
C. To find a new job.
D. To cheer up.
Conversation Five
13. A. It can reduce the need for insulin for diabetic patients.
B. It can make more insulin in our body.
C. It can make a hormone in our body.
D. It can prevent people from getting diabetes.
14. A. People without diabetes.
B. People with type 1 diabetes.
C. People with type 2 diabetes.
D. People who newly take insulin injections.
15. A. The group of medications for diabetes.
B. A natural hormone in our body.
C. The mechanism of action of GLP-1.
D. The process for the manufacture of GLP-1.
Section B
Directions:In this section you will hear five passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions about the passage. The question will be spoken only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16. A. The results of the screen tests are invalid.
B. The screen tests may have harmful radiation.
C. The unwarranted screen tests may do more harm than good to health.
D. The screen tests may have true positive results.
17. A. Overreaction.
B. Over-treatment.
C. Over-concern.
D. Inadequate treatment.
18. A. The other concerns of screening tests.
B. The clinical screening test for cancer in women.
C. The future of screening tests.
D. The testing advice for people without symptoms.
Passage Two
19. A. Women in certain ethnic groups.
B. Men in certain ethnic groups.
C. Young women groups.
D. Young men groups.
20. A. Arms.
B. Face.
C. Legs.
D. Genitals.
21. A. Most cases didn’t report fever.
B. The early symptoms were not obvious.
C. It caused headaches or malaise.
D. It appeared like flu.
Passage Three
22. A. Student evaluations.
B. Faculty evaluations.
C. Random evaluations.
D. Teaching process evaluations.
23. A. To set schedules.
B. To show their dissatisfaction.
C. To improve their learning performance.
D. As guides in their choice of instructors.
24. A. Lack of validity.
B. Possible abuses.
C. Don’t reflect student learning.
D. Inappropriate instruction.
Passage Four
25. A. An hour later.
B. Half an hour later.
C. 13 hours later.
D. 6 hours later.
26. A. To support cell activity.
B. To keep the pig alive.
C. To increase inflammation.
D. To reduce organ damage.
27. A. To help stimulate circulation.
B. To help increase the number of hearts available to heart patients.
C. To help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.
D. To reduce the organ damage that resulted from lack of oxygen.
Passage Five
28. A. The shortage of nurses.
B. The shortage of doctors.
C. The shortage of medicines.
D. The shortage of vaccines.
29. A. The United States.
B. Switzerland.
C. Canada.
D. Britain.
30. A. Nursing workforce in rich countries comes mostly from poor countries.
B. Nursing workforce in poor countries receives more money than in rich countries.
C. Nursing workforce in poor countries is being exploited by rich countries.
D. Nursing workforce in poor countries is in great need of face coverings and vaccines.
考博英语真题及答案 3
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
Conversation One
M: Take a seat, please, Mrs. Smith.
W: Thank you.
M: What seems to be the problem?
W: I’ve been getting a very bad headache lately.
M: You say, lately. When exactly did it start?
W: About two months ago?
M: Did anything happen to you at that time? Did you have a fall, or a hit on the head or something like that?
W: Nothing I can remember. The headache just started.
M: Have you ever had headaches like this before?
W: Yes, but it was years ago, just after I got married. I was still trying to work, and we were living with my husband’s parents.
Question 1: What is the woman’s problem?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：这位女士的问题是什么？由I’ve been getting a very bad headache lately.（我最近头痛得很厉害。）可知，女士的问题是最近头疼得很厉害。因此A选项“Headache.（头痛。）”正确。
Question 2: When did the problem start?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：问题是什么时候开始的？由About two months ago?（大概两个月前吧?）可知，头疼大概是两个月前开始的。因此B选项“Two months ago.（两个月前。）”正确。
Question 3: What did the man want to learn later on in the talk?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：在后面的谈话中，男士想了解什么？由Have you ever had headaches like this before?（你以前有过这样的头痛吗?）可知，男士想了解女士以前有没有过这样的头痛经历，即询问她的病史。因此A选项“The woman’s medical history.（女士的病史。）”正确。
Conversation Two
W: Could exercising at certain time help maximize our fitness goal?
M: Yes, there are clear benefits to exercising in the morning.
W: Why? We have less free time compared to later in the day. And it may therefore be harder to stick to a morning workout routine.
M: That’s true. But people who exercise in the morning could increase their physical activity throughout the day, they are less distracted by food and sleep better.
W: So good news for early birds.
M: Yeah. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means we’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day.
Question 4: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题干为：这两位说话者主要在谈论什么？由Could exercising at certain time help maximize our fitness goal?（在特定的时间锻炼能帮助我们达到最大的健身目标吗?）和Yes, there are clear benefits to exercising in the morning.（是的，早上锻炼有明显的好处。）可知，两人的对话是围绕锻炼的最佳时间这个话题展开的。因此C选项“The best time to work out.（锻炼的最佳时间。）”正确。
Question 5: What is one reason that the man recommends morning exercising?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：男士建议晨练的原因是什么？由But people who exercise in the morning could increase their physical activity throughout the day, they are less distracted by food and sleep better.（但是早上锻炼的人可以增加全天的体力活动，他们不会被食物分散注意力，睡眠也会更好。）可知，男士建议晨练的原因是可以增加全天的体力活动。因此B选项“People would do more exercise in the whole day.（人们会在一天中做更多的运动。）”正确。
Question 6: According to the man, why is it good to exercise on an empty stomach?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：根据这位男士的说法，为什么空腹锻炼有益呢？由Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means we’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day.（早餐前空腹运动还可以燃烧更多的脂肪，促进新陈代谢，这意味着我们一整天都在继续燃烧卡路里。）可知，空腹锻炼可以让人们一整天都在继续燃烧卡路里。因此D选项“People can burn more calories.（人们可以燃烧更多的卡路里。）”正确。
Conversation Three
W: Good morning, I’m here to get some advice to quit smoking.
M: Are you smoking?
W: Oh no, it’s my husband. He has been smoking for ten years, and recently he always coughed. Is it related to smoking?
M: Of course it is. Chemicals in cigarette smoke irritate the air passages and lungs. When one smokes, the body tries to protect itself by making mucus and coughing.
W: I persuaded him to quit smoking, and he made it, but surprisingly, he increasingly coughed after then.
M: Yes, that means the lungs start to function properly again, and are working to clear tar, dead cells and extra mucus accumulated from cigarettes.
Question 7: Who was the smoker the two are talking about?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：两人说的吸烟者是谁？由Oh no, it’s my husband.（哦，不，是我丈夫。）可知，吸烟者是女士的丈夫。因此A选项“The woman’s husband.（女士的丈夫。）”正确。
Question 8: What can be learned about the smoker?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：关于吸烟者，可以了解到什么？由I persuaded him to quit smoking, and he made it, but surprisingly, he increasingly coughed after then.（我劝他戒烟，他成功了，但令人惊讶的是，之后他咳嗽得越来越厉害。）可知，吸烟者戒烟后咳得更厉害了。因此B选项“He coughed badly after quitting smoking.（他戒烟后咳嗽得很厉害。）”正确。
Question 9: Why did the smoker cough more according to the man?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：男士说为什么吸烟者咳嗽得更厉害？由that means the lungs start to function properly again, and are working to clear tar, dead cells and extra mucus accumulated from cigarettes.（这意味着肺部重新开始正常工作，并且正在努力清除焦油、死细胞和香烟积累的额外黏液。）可知，吸烟者咳嗽得更厉害是因为肺部恢复正常工作。因此B选项“His lungs’ function may get to recover.（他的肺部功能可能在恢复。）”正确。
Conversation Four
M: Hello, what can I do for you?
W: Well, I don’t think anyone can do anything for me.
M: Why?
W: I’m a total failure. I’m a failure at everything.
M: Why do you think you’re a failure?
W: Because I’ve successfully made things go wrong in my life. When I was a child, I ruined my parents’ marriage. As I grew up, I had few friends. At high school, I failed exams. I found myself a job, and then got sacked a few weeks later. Now, my boyfriend has just left me.
M: We all have problems, but have to cope with them and move on. Don’t be depressed.
Question 10: What brought the woman to the doctor?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：是什么让女士去看医生？由I’m a total failure. I’m a failure at everything.（我是个彻头彻尾的失败者。我什么都做不好。）可知，许多事情累积的打击让她精神上崩溃了。因此D选项“Her mental collapse.（她精神崩溃了。）”正确。
Question 11: According to the woman, what seems to be true when she was a child?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：根据这位女士的说法，什么似乎是在她小时候真实发生的？由When I was a child, I ruined my parents’ marriage.（当我还是个孩子的时候，我毁了父母的婚姻。）可知，她认为自己毁了父母的婚姻，即她父母在她小时候离婚了。因此D选项“Her parents got divorced.（她的父母离婚了。）”正确。
Question 12: What does the man advise the woman to do?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：男士建议女士做什么？由We all have problems, but have to cope with them and move on.（我们都有问题，但必须克服它们，继续前进。）可知，男士建议女士要克服问题，继续前进。因此A选项“To deal with the problems.（解决问题。）”正确。
Conversation Five
M: Do you know some medications on the market now that are non-insulin injectable?
W: Yeah, most of them fall into a group of medications called GLP-1. It is a hormone that our bodies make. People without diabetes have GLP-1 as well, and it prevents the breakdown of insulin.
M: So GLP-1 is already natural in our body. The medication just gives us more. How often could we give the injection?
W: Those are available once a day, once a week. We have a few options out there now. Usually, if someone is already taking insulin injections, they don’t mind as much taking the once daily injection. If someone is new to shots, it’s less scary giving the weekly injections.
Question 13: What is the function of GLP-1?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：GLP-1的功能是什么？由It is a hormone that our bodies make. People without diabetes have GLP-1 as well, and it prevents the breakdown of insulin.（它是我们身体产生的一种激素。没有糖尿病的人也有GLP-1，它可以防止胰岛素的分解。）可知，GLP-1可以防止胰岛素的分解，从而减少糖尿病患者对胰岛素的需求量。因此A选项“It can reduce the need for insulin for diabetic patients.（它可以减少糖尿病患者对胰岛素的需求。）”正确。
Question 14: Who are recommended to take the weekly injection of GLP-1?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：推荐谁每周注射GLP-1？由If someone is new to shots, it’s less scary giving the weekly injections.（如果有人是第一次注射，那么每周注射一次就不那么可怕了。）可知，刚刚开始注射的糖尿病人可以选择每周注射一次，从而不会过于害怕。因此D选项“People who newly take insulin injections.（新注射胰岛素的人。）”正确。
Question 15: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题干为：两位说话者主要在谈论什么？由Do you know some medications on the market now that are non-insulin injectable?（你知道现在市场上有一些非胰岛素注射的药物吗?）和Yeah, most of them fall into a group of medications called GLP-1.（是的`，大多数都属于一组叫作GLP-1的药物。）可知，男士一开始问现在市场上有哪些非胰岛素注射药物，女士回答这些药物大多数属于一种名为GLP-1的药物，接下来的内容都是在围绕这个话题展开，谈到了什么是GLP-1类药物、它的作用、它的注射频率，所以本对话讨论的是GLP-1药物的作用及使用机制。因此C选项“The mechanism of action of GLP-1.（GLP-1的作用机制。）”正确。
Section B
Passage One
Today, there are thousands of lab tests and imaging procedures to screen for illnesses, but more screening doesn’t always equal better health. In fact, unwarranted laboratory tests do more harm than good. For example, many screening tests come back with false positives that may cause needless anxiety and include expensive imaging testing, even invasive procedures. A primary concern is over-treatment of true positive screening test. One example is the PSA test for prostate cancer. Although the PSA may lead to the detection of prostate cancer. In many men, cancer will never cause harm if left alone and treatment is both useless and fraught with side effects. This doesn’t mean you should give up medical test altogether. For people who have symptoms, the proper use of advanced tests and procedures enables detection and treatment of important medical conditions.
Question 16: According to the passage, why does more screening not always equal better health?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题干为：根据文章，为什么更多的筛查并不总是意味着更好的健康？文章开头提出but more screening doesn’t always equal better health（但更多的筛查并不总是意味着更好的健康），接着解释道In fact, unwarranted laboratory tests do more harm than good.（事实上，未经授权的实验室测试弊大于利。），说明未经授权的筛查测试危害更大。因此C选项“The unwarranted screen tests may do more harm than good to health.（未经授权的筛查测试可能对健康弊大于利。）”正确。
Question 17: What is the main concern even with true positive tests?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：即使是真阳性检测，主要的关注点是什么？由A primary concern is over-treatment of true positive screening test.（一个主要问题是真阳性筛查检测的过度治疗。）可知，针对真阳性筛查检测的一个主要问题是过度治疗。因此B选项“Over-treatment.（过度治疗。）”正确。
Question 18: What will be probably discussed next in the passage?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：这篇文章接下来可能会讨论什么？本文在首句指出讨论的核心是“更多的筛查并不总是意味着更多的健康”，然后分别从“未经授权的实验室检测弊大于利”以及“针对真阳性筛查检测的过度治疗”两个方面来说明，指出其弊端后，文章转至“这并不意味着你应该完全放弃医学检查”，指出有些筛查的必要性，所以在说明了有症状的患者筛查的必要性后，应该要讨论筛查对于无症状的健康人员的必要性。因此D选项“The testing advice for people without symptoms.（对无症状人群的检测建议。）”正确。
Passage Two
A detailed analysis of monkeypox case records published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday offers new insight into the outbreak, which is disproportionately affecting men of certain ethnic groups. Additional analysis shows that all of the patients had a rash. However, a genital rash was more commonly reported in the current outbreak than in typical monkeypox. It was the most common location for rash, followed by arms, face and legs. More than a third of cases reported rash in four or more regions. Early warning signs of illness, however, were less common in the current outbreak. In about two in five cases, the illness started with the rash, but no reported early symptoms, such as chills, headache or malaise. About two in five cases also did not report fever.
Question 19: In which of the following groups is monkeypox more likely to occur?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：下列哪一组更容易发生猴痘？由which is disproportionately affecting men of certain ethnic groups.（对某些种族群体的男性影响尤为严重。）可知，某些种族群体的男性更容易发生猴痘。因此B选项“Men in certain ethnic groups.（某些种族的男性。）”正确。
Question 20: Where was the rash most commonly found in the reported patients?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：在报告的患者中，皮疹最常出现在哪里？由However, a genital rash was more commonly reported in the current outbreak than in typical monkeypox.（然而，在目前的爆发中，生殖器皮疹比典型的猴痘更为常见。）可知，皮疹最常出现在生殖器。因此D选项“Genitals.（生殖器。）”正确。
Question 21: What was true of the early warning signs of the current outbreak?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：当前疫情的早期预警信号是怎样的？文章指出Early warning signs of illness, however, were less common in the current outbreak.（然而，在目前的疫情中，疾病的早期预警信号并不常见。），接着提到2/5的病例没有寒战、头痛或乏力等早期症状，2/5的病例没有发烧的早期症状。因此B选项“The early symptoms were not obvious.（早期症状不明显。）”正确。
Passage Three
The evaluation of faculty teaching by students has come to be a popular measure of teaching effectiveness, and, often, a major consideration for promotion, and merit at most colleges and universities. Student evaluations of faculty are typically based on forms that are filled out anonymously by students in a classroom, using formal, well defined and controlled processes. This study explores the usefulness and validity of self-selected online student ratings of faculty. These ratings appear to be increasing in importance, particularly as students use them as guides in their choice of instructors. Validity is investigated by analyzing the patterns of relationships of online ratings for 399 randomly selected faculty. Analysis suggests that online ratings in their current form may be useful, though possible abuses could limit validity in specific instances. Does the pattern of relationships between self-selected online student ratings reflect student learning or a halo effect?
Question 22: Currently, what is the popular way for teaching evaluation in higher education?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：目前，高等教育教学评价的流行方式是什么？由The evaluation of faculty teaching by students has come to be a popular measure of teaching effectiveness, and, often, a major consideration for promotion, and merit at most colleges and universities.（学生对教师教学的评价已经成为衡量教师教学效果的一种普遍方法，而且在大多数学院和大学里，这往往是晋升和业绩的主要考量因素。）可知，高等教育教学评价的流行方式是学生对教师教学的评价。因此B选项“Faculty evaluations.（教师评价。）”正确。
Question 23: For what purpose do the students mainly use the ratings?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题干为：学生使用评分的主要目的是什么？由These ratings appear to be increasing in importance, particularly as students use them as guides in their choice of instructors.（这些评分的重要性似乎越来越大，尤其是当学生们将其作为选择教师的指导时。）可知，学生主要靠评分来选择教师。因此D选项“As guides in their choice of instructors.（作为他们选择教师的指导。）”正确。
Question 24: What might be an unexpected outcome of students’ ratings?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：学生的评分可能会有什么意想不到的结果？由Analysis suggests that online ratings in their current form may be useful, though possible abuses could limit validity in specific instances.（分析表明，目前形式的在线评分可能是有用的，尽管在特定情况下可能被滥用会限制其有效性。）可知，学生评分可能带来的一个意想不到的结果是在某些情况下学生评分的滥用会限制评分的有效性。因此B选项“Possible abuses.（可能的滥用。）”正确。
Passage Four
Researchers say experiments on pig tissue suggest that tissue can be preserved and cells can regain the ability to work an hour after death. In the experiment, the researchers stopped the hearts of several pigs. After an hour, the animals were attached to a specialized machine, which pumped a kind of fluid through their bodies. The fluid contains some blood and about 13 chemicals meant to support cell activity and decrease inflammation. Six hours later, the treatment had reduced or canceled some of the organ damage that resulted from lack of oxygen. The results showed that when the heart stops, the body is not as dead as we previously assumed. The process of repairing cells began once circulation was brought back. The experimental technology is expected to help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.
Question 25: When did the researchers begin to repair the function of the damage organs after pigs’ death?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：在猪死后，研究人员什么时候开始修复受损器官的功能？由In the experiment, the researchers stopped the hearts of several pigs. After an hour, the animals were attached to a specialized machine, which pumped a kind of fluid through their bodies.（在实验中，研究人员让几头猪的心脏停止跳动。一个小时后，这些动物被连接到一个专门的机器上，机器将一种液体泵入它们的身体。）可知，猪死后一个小时，研究人员就开始进行相关的操作了。因此A选项“An hour later.（一个小时后）”正确。
Question 26: What is the function of the fluid pumped through the pig’s body?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：泵入猪体内的液体的作用是什么？由The fluid contains some blood and about 13 chemicals meant to support cell activity and decrease inflammation.（这种液体含有一些血液和大约13种化学物质，旨在支持细胞活动和减少炎症。）可知，这些液体的作用是支持细胞活动并减少炎症。因此A选项“To support cell activity.（支持细胞活动。）”正确。
Question 27: How could the experimental technology benefit patients?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题干为：实验技术如何使患者受益？由The experimental technology is expected to help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.（这项实验技术有望帮助需要器官移植的患者增加可用器官的数量。）可知，这项实验技术有望帮助需要器官移植的患者增加可用器官的数量。因此C选项“To help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.（帮助需要器官移植的病人获得更多的器官。）”正确。
Passage Five
An international organization of Healthcare Workers is worried that a shortage of nurses and the Covid-19 pandemic will worsen healthcare problems for poor countries. The International Council of Nurses represents 27 million nurses worldwide. The Council found even before the pandemic, there was already a shortage of 6 million nurses, with 90% of the shortages in poor countries. Howard Catton leads the Switzerland-based organization. He said increased infections caused by the Omicron variant made the nursing shortage even worse. Now, rich countries, including the United States, Canada and Britain, are offering nurses from poor countries more money to come. Rich countries are taking advantage of poor countries, which educated the nurses, but now cannot use their skills at home. The situation can be compared to a time when wealthy nations bought more face coverings and vaccines than they needed. If they do that with the nursing workforce, it will just make the inequity even worse.
Question 28: According to the passage, what problem worsens the health care in poor countries?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题干为：根据文章，什么问题恶化了贫穷国家的卫生保健？由An international organization of Healthcare Workers is worried that a shortage of nurses and the Covid-19pandemic will worsen healthcare problems for poor countries.（一个国际医疗工作者组织担心，护士短缺和Covid-19疫情将加剧贫穷国家的医疗问题。）可知，护士短缺和Covid-19疫情恶化了贫穷国家的卫生保健。因此A选项“The shortage of nurses.（护士短缺。）”正确。
Question 29: Where is the International Council of Nurses based?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题干为：国际护士理事会设在哪里？由Howard Catton leads the Switzerland-based organization.（霍华德卡顿领导着这家总部位于瑞士的组织。）可知，国际护士理事会设在瑞士。因此B选项“Switzerland.（瑞士。）”正确。
Question 30: According to the passage, what is true of nursing workforce in rich and poor countries?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题干为：根据文章，富国和穷国的护理人员的情况是什么？文章指出，富裕国家出更多的钱来雇佣贫穷国家的护士，贫困国家培养了这些护士，但他们的技能却不能被用于本国，而是被富国所占用了。因此C选项“Nursing workforce in poor countries is being exploited by rich countries.（贫穷国家的护理人员正在被富裕国家剥削。）”正确。
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