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英语阅读技巧及功能训练
英语高考中，阅读理解是一个重点题型，下面是小编收集的高中英语阅读技巧及功能训练题，欢迎大家参考!
一、高中学生阅读中存在的问题
(1)在词的理解方面:学生掌握的单词意义的扩展比较有限, 文中稍出现一些生词就影响了他们对文章的部分内容有时甚至是整体内容的正确把握; 生词新意影响理解句意;学生会因生词太多(包括人名和地名)而心烦,失去阅读的兴趣和信心。
(2)在句子理解方面:学生因句子结构划分不清,往往很难理解文中的长句和难句的确切含义; 各种不同现象的特殊简单句,如省略句、替代句、反问句、并且有插入语、状语和定语在句中的分隔句也往往影响学生对句子真实含义的理解。
(3)在语篇理解方面:学生会因为篇章结构掌握不清, 不熟悉某些文体特点以及中西方人思维方式的差异, 而往往找不出文章的写作线索, 抓不住段落及全文的主旨。
(4)在题意理解方面:学生因不能抓住题干中的关键词,对所问问题感觉模糊;学生对题干中供选择的四个选项理解不透,区别不清而做不出正确选择。
二、培养学生阅读能力的前提
培养高中学生英语阅读能力的前提就是:
(1)让学生掌握足够的词汇。词汇是语言的建筑材料。语言学家罗佛通过调查发现,外语学习者如果拥有5000 词汇量,阅读正确率可达56%;词汇量6400,阅读正确率可达63%。因此,掌握足够的词汇是做好阅读理解的前提和基本条件。教师应在平时的教学过程中注意学生英语词汇的扩展。例如教单词“failure”时就应该把与他相关的一系列词汇全部都罗列出来, 如它的形容词“fail”,反义词“success”和反义词的形容词“ s u c c e s s f u l ” 和它的动词“succeed”,这应该在平时的英语教学中扩大学生的词汇量。
(2)严格训练阅读速度。根据文章的长短, 让学生在规定的时间内完成一篇阅读理解, 养成计时阅读的习惯。根据高考阅读要求,一篇文章应在7 分钟之内完成。因此, 有计划、有系统地进行阅读速度的训练, 平时经常性地在规定时间内进行限时阅读训练,并持之以恒,提高阅读速度并增加词汇量。
(3)掌握选用正确的阅读材料与方法。应尽量选读难度与学生实际水平相当的阅读材料,由浅入深,由易到难,循序渐进地进行阅读理解训练。应训练学生的跳读、寻读、略读和详读的方法。
三、培养阅读能力的方法
归纳中心思想。文章的中心思想即文章的主旨大意。一篇文章通常由若干段落构成。一般说来, 每一个段落都有一个中心思想,尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。代表本段中心思想的句子叫主题句。其他的句子均围绕这个主题句进一步阐述、补充、发挥或提供细节。所以,要求学生在阅读理解的训练中, 要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息,要认真分析、仔细推敲、理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。
“带着问题”阅读。在阅读每篇短文前,应先看1～2 个问题,“带着问题”阅读短文。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案; 而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等, 这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理才可得到答案。
猜词悟意。理解词义是阅读的第一步,而英语中一词多义的词非常多,同一个词往往因上下文不同而不同。所以, 只知道每个词相应的中文意思, 还不等于理解了词义, 只有根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算真正理解了文章。如果遇到某词、某句不明白时, 不可在此花太多时间,应从上下文猜测该词(或短语)的意思, 或从构词法角度猜测该词的意思。这也是我们为什么要“带着问题”做题目的原因。另外; 学生在阅读过程中还可以通过文章中出现的同义词、近义词或上下文甚至在通篇理解的基础上去猜测。这种不用词典而只通过阅读认识生词的能力; 就是猜词悟意的能力;是一个高中生应当具备的能力。
猜词悟意的方法主要有以下几种:
(1)根据定义和解释猜测词义。
如A calendar is a list of the day,weeks,months of a particular year.“calendar” 可以根据a list of the day,weeks ,months of a particular year 可知是“日历”。
(2)根据同义词、反义词猜测词义。
如Unlike his brother,who is truly ahandsome man,John is quite homely.这里的unlike 是一个关键词,说明John 和他的弟弟的情况正好相反,因此可以知道,homely 和handsome 是反义词,意思是“相貌平平的”。
(3)根据因果关系猜测词义。
如The noise was so faint that it wasimpossible to be sure what it was or evenwhere it came from.That 引导的是一个结果状语从句。根据主从句的逻辑关系,我们可以推出faint的意思是“微弱的”。
(4)进行逻辑推理
阅读的主要目的是获取信息, 即作者传达的信息。这包括了两个方面: 一方面是根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理, 推测作者未提到的事实。考查此项能力的题目一般采用”infer”一词。另一方面, 是作者期待读者读了文章之后知道应当怎样去做某些事情或以某种方式去思考问题。作者的这层意思通常不在文章中明确表达出来, 而是隐含在文章之中。这类题目要求同学们通过对文章的理解去领会作者的言外之意。
逻辑推理有以下几种情况:
根据文章细节进行推断。这是比较简单的推断。只要认真阅读原文, 找出可以推理的有关细节, 可能是一个单词、一个词组、一个句子,也可能是几个句子,进行简单的细节比较就可以鉴别出真伪。推断逻辑结论。要得出合理的逻辑结论, 就必须对文章的全部事实或细节进行全面考虑。所以, 要求学生必须养成认真读书的良好习惯, 不断培养和提高自己的逻辑思想能力。
推断作者的写作目的、态度及文章的语气和寓意。这类推断要求学生对作者在论述时持种态度和思想倾向做出推断。例如,作者对陈述的观点是赞成还是反对,对描写和记叙的人或物是喜欢还是厌恶, 是同情还是冷漠。
总之, 冰冻三尺非一日之寒。我们只有在平时的阅读中多做多练,运用正确的方法,才能在高考中取得优异的成绩。
【功能训练题】
(一)
Hidden in our subconsciousness (意识) is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out of the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.
But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw (拚图玩具) puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles(通道) ,condemning the minutes for loitering-waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.
‘‘When we reach the station, that will be it!” we cry, “When I'm 38.” “When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!” “When I put the last kid through college.” “When I have paid off!” “When I get a promotion.” “When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after! " Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.
“Relish (appreciate) the moment" is a good motto, actually it isn't the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.
So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough.
1. Why does the author describe the mental picture?
A. To lead us into a perfect world. B. To let people enjoy the scenery.
C. To introduce an actual trip of his. D. To compare it to our life's journey.
2. How do people feel when they’re on their trip?
A. Puzzled. B. Happy. C. Relaxed. D. Impatient.
3. What does the author mean by "Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today" in Paragraph 4?
A. Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today.
B. We must be careful of the two thieves : regret and fear.
C. Regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life.
D. We’re frequently challenged by the two : regret and fear.
4. Why does the author write the passage?
A. To teach us a good lesson.
B. To tell us the right attitude to life.
C. To advise us to forget our worries.
D. To stop us wandering along the aisles.
(二)
Nowadays, people in China are increasingly interested in celebrating foreign festivals, especially those western festivals.
A survey conducted recently by sina. com showed that among the 18,222 people surveyed 63.90% said celebrating Christmas is just another way of recreation, nothing serious, while 17.85% surveyed considered the festival as a fashion act, showing they were not “out”. These two parts clearly indicate the general opinion of the young. 10.45% people involved said the celebration of a religious western festival with so much enthusiasm is absolutely ridiculous pursuit of foreign goodness. Only 7.80% of the people define Christmas as a kind of festival colonization(殖民).
The arising of celebrating foreign festivals clearly has something to do with the advancement of China’s economy. In my point of view, Christmas and other festivals celebrated in China have difference from the origin. They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life. Shop owners’ pockets are filled, the public’s hunger for happiness is filled, and that is enough. Foreign festivals in China are more like carnivals giving people pleasure and enjoyment.
The crisis(危机) of traditional Chinese festivals that are losing their attraction may be linked to the culture tradition and background of the festivals. Most Chinese festival culture is related more or less to real life. “The country is based on its people while the people are relied on their food”.
But the western culture shows much of romance. Some festivals have their religious background while others have much to do with culture and people. At this point, food seems to be too plain. Flowers and chocolates are more welcomed.
Foreign festivals in China today are celebrated for fun. They give people opportunities to relax and celebrate, to show appreciation and gratefulness. The acceptance of foreign festivals generally depends on the openness of the public, the familiarity with the western culture, and most importantly, on people’s economic status.
5.From the survey we know that among the people surveyed ______.
A. most think celebrating foreign festivals is ridiculous
B. many fear that traditional Chinese festivals will disappear soon
C. some think that celebrating foreign festivals is a sign of foreign goodness chasing
D. half think celebrating foreign festivals makes people not go out of fashion
6.The writer thinks that foreign festivals celebrated in China ______.
A. have lost their religious background
B. are the same as those celebrated in the West
C. can give more fun than traditional Chinese festivals
D. may reduce the hunger of public people
7.What is the main difference between foreign festivals and traditional Chinese ones?
A. Foreign festivals can make Chinese shop owners’ pockets full quickly.
B. The food at foreign festivals is too simple.
C. Chinese festivals always have something to do with culture.
D. Foreign festivals are romantic while traditional Chinese ones are connected with reality.
8.Which of the following may NOT be the reason why so many people accept foreign festivals?
A. People can relax themselves.
B. People can show their thanks to others.
C. Foreign festivals have longer histories than Chinese ones.
D. People have known more about the western culture.
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<
(一)1---4 D D C B
(二)[答案]
如今，中国人对西方的节日越来越感兴趣，而中国的传统节日越来越不受人们的重视，原因何在呢?中西方两种文化有何不同之处，西方节日在中国处于一个什么样的地位，接受西方的节日是对是错?读完这篇文章，相信我们会得到答案。
5.C。细节理解题。A项只有10.45%的人如此认为，most一词错误;B项will disappear soon错误;D项只有17.85%的人这么认为，很明显，half一词错误;依据文章第二段倒数第二句可知C项正确。
6.A。细节理解题。依据文章第三段第三句中的“They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life.”可知，A项正确;依据第三段中的have difference from the origin可知B项错误;C项文章没有进行比较;D项文章用的是the public’s hunger for happiness is filled，而非饥饿，故答案为A。
7.D。细节理解题。A项错误，文章第三段提及商家挣到了钱，公众的幸福感得到了满足，而并非外国的节日能够让店主的钱包迅速地鼓起来;B项too simple与原文不符;C项不是区别，两种节日都与文化有关。依据文章第四、五两段可知，D项正确，两种节日的区别在于西方的节日浪漫，而中国的节日则与实际生活密切相关。
8.C。细节理解判断题。文章没有提及中国的节日与西方的节日相比谁的历史更悠久，故C项错误。
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