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英语阅读例证题怎么做
导语:英语阅读中的例证题,要求学生直接从原文中找答案,这类题应该怎么做呢?跟着小编一起学习吧!
例证题
1. 标志:case,example,illustrate,demonstrate,exemplify
2. 解题的关键:不在于是否看懂例子,而在于例子所支持的论点。
3. 具体做题方法:返回原文,定位该例子,然后80%向上20%向下搜索该例子所支持的论点。然后在四个选项中找到与观点意思最接近的一个作为答案。。
4. 错误选项的设计方法:(1)列举例子中的具体事例(2)混淆论点论据(3)列举无关常识。
例题:
2003 text4.
57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
解题三步骤:
(1)阅读题干,确定关键词:
关键词:example of,cancer patients
(2)定位到段(文章第二段)
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
(3)定位到句,同义替换,得出答案。
结合例证题的解题方法:返回原文,定位该例子,然后80%向上20%向下搜索该例子所支持的论点:
首先定位例子:Physicians -- frustrated by...scientifically justified.
接下来找例子佐证的论点:(百分之80的情况都在例子前面,百分之20会在例子后面出面)
Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.
即:由于有医疗费用由第三方支付这个挡箭牌,我们常常要求采用一切医疗手段,即使它们不会有任何用处。
因此选A,即使没有效果仍然采用了,会造成医疗资源的浪费。
再看下其他选项:
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
医生对于致命的疾病也无计可施。
【分析】是例子本身的细节,但并非举这个例子的目的。
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
有一些治疗过去大胆
【分析】这也是例子中的事实,但并不是论述的目的,与题目答非所问。
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
医疗费用越来越支付不起
【分析】文中说到由于第三方支付的的存在,所以采用一切医疗手段,即使是不需要的。并没有提到医疗费用变高问题。
长难句解析
Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
(1)句子主干:physicians offer treatment
(2)句子其他成分:两个破折号之间过去分词结构和现在分词结构做定语;介词“beyond”之后跟了一个“what”引导的宾语从句,构成介宾结构。
(3)固定搭配:
far beyond 远远超出
loss of 损失
(4)切分句子:
A,先找连词:and
B,再找介词:to,of,in
C,先将从句切分出来:and前后连接的是并列的两个成分,前面是过去分词短语做定语,后面是动词现在分词短语做定语,用来修饰Physicians医生,内科医生。
D,再将句子细分:第一个介词to,是不定式做后置定语,修饰先行词inability。第二个介词of,是loss of的固定搭配。第三个介词in,成分简单,不需切分。
(5)原句再现:
Physicians -- frustrated by their inability/ to cure the disease /and/ fearing loss of hope /in the patient -- too often /offer aggressive treatment /far beyond /what is scientifically justified.
参考译文:医生害怕他们没有能力医病,也害怕患者会失去希望,经常会采取过于极端的治疗方法,而这样本身就是对医疗资源的一种浪费。
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