金融英语听说 unit4

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金融英语听说 unit4

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金融英语听说 unit4

　　Unit 4

　　Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question after each dialog. Scripts & Answers

　　Dialog 1

　　M: Well, you’re back at last from the bank. W: Yes, just now. The manager of the Credit Department said that they will learn about the economic performance of our business from the financial statements submitted to them. M: Exactly. He can make a comparison between the financial statements of one year with those of the next year. It is particularly helpful in understanding a company’s financial position. W: I understand that if we want to borrow money from a bank, we should prepare accounting reports and submit to the bank our financial statements on all the activities of operating, investing and financing of our company. M: Yes. The manager will read the statements and get the data implied by the accounting reports in order to make decision. Question: What need to be submitted to the bank according to the dialog? (B)

　　译文

　　男：啊，你总算从银行回来了。女：是，刚到。银行信贷部的经理说，他们可以从我们提交给他们的财务报表中了解企业的业绩。男：完全正确。他可以把一年的财务报表与下一年的财务报表进行对比。这样特别有助于了解公司的财务状况。女：我知道了，如果我们要从银行借钱，我们就必须准备会计报告，向银行提供所有有关企业经营、投资以及融资活动的财务报表。男：对。银行经理要阅读这些财务报表，获取会计报表所含的信息，以便作决定。

　　Dialog 2 W: Now let’s review the entity concept. There is an example here. We have a business, a barbershop, as example. The balance of the owner’s equity account is $30,000 at the end of the year. The owner explains that only half of that amount—$15,000—is the net income from operations of the business. The other $15,000 is the receipt from the sale of his private motorboat. What do you think of his way of making the financial report? M: The owner is all wet. According to the entity concept, he should account for the money generated by the business—one economic unit—separately from the money generated by the sale of an item belonging not to the business but to his private property a second economic unit. W: Thumbs up! In fact, this separation makes it possible to view the barbershop’s financial position clearly. Question: What can we learn from the example? (C)

　　译文

　　女：现在让我们复习会计主体概念。举个例子。一个理发店在年底其业主权益账户余额是30,000 美元。老板解释说，其中只有一半，即15,000 美元，是企业经营所得的净收入。另一半15,000 美元是出售他个人所有的摩托艇的收入。对他这样做财务报告，你们怎么看? 男：老板大错特错。按照会计主体概念，他应该把来自于企业——一个经济单位——经营的收入与他的私有财产的出售所得收入分开记账，他的个人财产属于另一个经济单位，不属于该企业。女：太棒了。经营主体分离的做法有助于更好地了解理发店的财务状况。

　　Dialog 3

　　M: Professor, would you please tell me what must be classified as business assets? W: That’s all right. Er … assets of a business are the items expected to be of benefit in the future. Land, buildings, and equipment are examples of plant assets. M: What about cash, accounts receivable, and notes receivable due within a year or less? W: They are all current assets. M: Which is more liquid, demand deposit with a bank or accounts receivable? W: Demand deposit, of course. It is the most liquid other than cash. Question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an asset? (B) 译文

　　男：教授，麻烦您告诉我哪些项目应该划归为企业资产? 女：好吧。嗯⋯⋯企业的资产是有望在未来获利的项目。比如土地、房屋、设备等都是固定资产。男：那么现金、应收账款以及一年内到期的应收票据属于什么呢? 女：都是流动资产。男：哪一项更具流动性，银行活期存款还是应收账款? 女：当然是银行活期存款。除现金外，它是流动性最强的。

　　Dialog 4

　　W: All right, now let’s review the accounting equation. It is known that the accounting equation shows the relationship among assets, liabilities and owner’s equity. The equation is the basic tool used by accountants when they prepare financial statements. It is very interesting, isn’t it? M: Yes, it is. I find it is easy for us to explain a balance sheet according to the equation. You see, assets usually appear on the left-hand side of the accounting equation and liabilities and owner’s equity on the right-hand side of the accounting equation. W: Liabilities and owner’s equity are the legal and economic claims against the assets. The two sides are always equal to each other, that is, the two sides must be kept in balance. M: This is the reason that the statement of financial position is called a balance sheet. Question: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D)

　　译文

　　女：好了，我们现在来复习会计等式。我们都知道，会计等式表明了资产、负债和业主所有者之间的关系。它是会计编制财务报表时使用的基本工具。这个等式很有意思，对吧? 男：是很有意思。我发现按照会计等式来解释资产负债表非常容易。你看，资产通常在会计等式的左边，而负债和业主权益在其右边。女：负债和业主权益是法律和经济上对资产的要求权益。这两边总是相等，即两边必须保持平衡。男：这就是资产负债表被叫做平衡表的原因。

　　Short Answer Questions Listen carefully and answer the question after each dialog. Scripts & Answers

　　Dialog 1

　　W: Good news! The current price of the piece of land we bought last year has increased greatly. M: Wonderful! Now we can post it as an item of revenue in the profit and loss account. W: Absolutely not. Don’t you remember the revenue recognition principle? If the market price of a fixed asset goes higher than its original cost, the higher amount can’t be recorded as revenue in the income accounts before it is converted into cash. M: Oh. Yes. That means any gains from a fixed asset will not be recorded until the asset is sold and the payment is received. Er… the revenue recognition principle! I’ll never forget it. Question: When will the entry be posted as revenue in the income statement? when the asset is sold and converted into cash.

　　译文

　　女：好消息!我们去年买的那块地的价格现在大幅上涨。男：太好了。我们现在可以把它作为一项收入记录到损益帐户里了。女：绝对不行。难道你忘了会计收入确认原则吗? 如果固定资产的市场价格高于成本，在资产变现之前不能把多出的金额作为收入项目记入损益账户。男：哦，对啊。就是说固定资产的收益只能在资产出售变现后才能登入账户。嗯⋯⋯收入确认原则!我再也不会忘记了。

　　Dialog 2

　　W: Excuse me. Would you please help me read a balance sheet? I don’t understand these numbers on the balance sheet, and I want to know what I can get from the lists of assets, liabilities and capital. M: All right. Let’s have a look. A balance sheet, er...of ABC Company. It is divided into three sections: assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity or capital. The section on the left-hand side tells the total amount of assets, fixed assets and current assets. Yes, you see, cash, accounts receivable, furnitureand fixtures, equipment, buildings. They are all classified as assets owned by the company. The section on the right-hand side indicates the liability and owner’s equity or capital. Liabilities are divided into current liabilities and long-term liabilities according to their terms, and the numbers here tell us how much the company owes to others, such as other businesses, individuals, or banks. They are called creditors. OK, now let’s read the capital. This part tells how much the owner has invested in the business. The total amount of liabilities and capital must be equal to the amount of assets. Do you know that the balance sheet has another name? It is the formal name, a statement of financial position. So you can learn about the financial position of the company after you’ve read the balance sheet. Question: What are they talking about? They are talking about how to read a balance sheet.

　　译文

　　女：打扰了，帮我看看这份资产负债表好吗?我不懂表上的这些数字，而且还想知道从这些资产、负债和资本中究竟可以了解到什么。男：行。让我们看看。资产负债表，嗯……ABC 公司的。这个表分为三个部分：资产、负债和业主权益或者叫资本。左手边的这部分告诉我们资产的总额，包括固定资产和流动资产。对, 你看，现金、应收账款、办公用品、办公设施、设备、楼房。它们都归类为这个公司的资产。右手边的这部分显示了负债和业主权益或资本。负债按期限分流动负债和长期负债，这些数字告诉我们该企业欠别人多少钱，比如说其他企业、个人或银行。他们被称为债权人。好，我们再看看资本。这部分告诉我们该企业业主投资了多少钱给企业。负债和业主权益的总额必须与资产总额相等。你知道这个表还有一个名字吗?其书面名称是财务状况表。所以你看了它之后就可以了解该公司的财务状况。

　　Dialog 3

　　W: Do you know there are several reasons why careful analysis of financial statements is necessary? M: Of course, I know. First, financial statements are general-purpose statements. Secondly, the relationships between amounts on successive financial statements are not obvious without analysis. And thirdly, users of financial statements may be interested in seeing how well a company is performing. W: Excellent. Now would you please analyze these statements? M: Sorry. I could not do it well for lack of theories and experience. Question: What are the users of the financial statements interested in according to the man? They are interested in the performance of a company.

　　译文

　　女：你知道为什么有必要分析财务报表吗? 男：我当然知道。首先，财务报表是多用途报表。其次，连续报表的数据之间的关系如果不进行分析不容易看出来。最后，报表的使用者可能感兴趣的是看到公司的业绩如何。女：非常棒。现在请你分析一下这些报表，好吗?

　　男：对不起。我分析不了，因为我缺乏必要的理论和经验。

　　Listening and Simulating Listen to the dialogs and fill in the blanks with what you’ve heard, and then simulate the dialogs in pairs. Scripts & Answers

　　Dialog 1

　　W: Hi, Johnson. You have made an error in current assets on the balance sheet. The right number should be $2,000. It is not $3,000. M: Oops! It is a serious mistake. Thank you, Miss Li. W: Not at all. Be careful then. So the total amount of assets should be $10,000,000. It is equal to the total amount of liabilities.

　　译文

　　女：嗨，约翰逊。你把资产负债表中的流动资产弄错了。正确数字应该是2,000 美元。不是3,000 美元。男：啊!这可是个大错误。谢谢你啊，李小姐。女：不用谢。以后小心。现在资产总额应该是一千万美元，与负债的总额相等。

　　Dialog 2

　　W: Hi, Johnson! What are these? M: They are commercial invoices, vouchers, receipts, shipment documents and sales slips. W: Why do you still keep these past documents? M: They are objective evidence to support the accounting entries and records. W: All right. The objectivity principle requires that entries in the accounting records be based on objective evidence.

　　译文

　　女：嗨，约翰逊!这都是些什么? 男：商业发票、记账单证、收据、运输单据和销售凭单等。女：你保留这些过去的单据干嘛? 男：它们是会计账项和记录的客观证据啊。女：是啊。会计的客观性原则要求会计记录的项目都要以客观证据为基础。

　　Dialog 3

　　W: Good afternoon, Mr. Howard. Here are our accounting reports and the relevant documents. You will notice that the reports contain several sections. M: Yes. I’ve noticed that. You’ve prepared a complete breakdown of all the accounts. W: Yeah. Assets accounts and liabilities accounts are presented in the first section and the reserve and equity accounts are stated on the next page. M: Where are the statement of cash flows and profit and loss statement? W: They are here, under the balance sheet. M: Yeah, I’ve got them. Thank you, Ms. Lin. It is very considerate of you to present so detailed reports

　　译文

　　女：下午好!霍华德先生。这是我们的会计报表以及相关的文件。你会看到，这些报告含有几个部分。男：是的。我已经注意到了。你们编制了所有账户的全部细目。女：是。资产账户和负债账户在第一部分，公积金账户和权益账户在下一页。男：现金流动表和收益表呢? 女：在这儿，资产负债表的下面。男：啊，看到了。林女士，谢谢你这么细心准备了如此详细的报告。

　　Long Conversations Conversation 1 Entries of Financial Statements Scripts & Answers

　　W: Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to study how to classify the financial statements’ entries. There are some financial statements’ entries on the blackboard. Please tell, where each entry would appear, in a balance sheet or in an income statement. If it is a balance sheet item, is it an asset, a liability, or owner’s equity? Er, now… who will come and have a try? M: Let me have a try. As far as I’m concerned, accounts payable, mortgage payable, notes payable can be classified as liabilities on the balance sheet. W: Well done. Johnson. Come on! M: I think, accounts receivable, interest receivable, cash, supplies and land must be classified as assets and put on the left-hand side of the balance sheet. But I don’t know where buildings are? Do they belong to owner’s equity? W: I don’t think so. Buildings are an item of assets, a sort of fixed asset, of course. M: So is equipment. I’ve got it. Cash, supplies, equipment, buildings, and land are all classified as items of assets. But what are the items of owner’s equity on the balance sheet? W: Retained earnings, I think. It is an item of owner’s equity. Capital stock, I think it is certainly an item of owner’s equity. M: There are several items of revenue and expense. I think they are items in the income statement. W: Absolutely right. Sales revenue, consulting revenue, advertising expenses, rent expenses, salaries & wages expenses and utilities expenses are the items in the income statement. M: There are some other items in the income statement, for example, income tax expenses, interest revenue, operating income, income before taxes. And we can get net income and earnings per share by computing all the elements in this statement. W: Excellent. Thank you. Now let’s go to the next chapter. It is about the statement of cash flows.

　　译文

　　女：大家早上好。今天我们要学习如何对财务报表的账项进行分类。黑板上是一些财务报表的账项，请说明每一项应该记到资产负债表还是损益表。如果是资产负债表，那么它是资产、负债、还是所有者权益?嗯⋯⋯现在谁来试试? 男：我来试试。我认为，应付账款、应付按揭款、应付票据都应该归为资产负债表的负债。女：不错。约翰逊。加油! 男：我认为应收账款、应收利息、现金、办公用品和土地必须归类到资产，放在资产负债表的左边。但我不明白楼房应该放在哪里呢?是归所有者权益吗? 女：我认为不是。楼房应该归于资产类，当然是固定资产。男：设备也是。我知道了。现金、办公用品、设备、楼房和土地都应归到资产项目。那么资产负债表上的所有者权益项目是什么? 女：我认为留存收益是一项所有者权益，还有股本。它也是所有者权益项目。男：还有一些收入和支出项目。我觉得它们应该属于损益表的项目。女：完全正确。销售收入、咨询收入、广告费用、租金费用、薪水和工资支出以及水电煤气费用都是损益表的项目。男：损益表上还有一些其他项目，例如，所得税支出、利息收入、营业收入、税前收入等。把这些项目经过计算，我们可以得到净收入和每股的收益。女：非常好。谢谢你。现在我们进入下一章。这一章是关于现金流量表。

　　W: Hi, Johnson! What are you doing here? M: Hi, Susan! I’m reading a statement of cash flows. It is my homework. I should give an interpretation on the statement tomorrow, but I don’t understand it. W: The statement of cash flows? Let me have a look. M: Here you are. I know that the income statement will tell us the net income, which indicates a company’s economic performance. But what is the statement of cash flows? Can cash flow in and out as water does? We usually pay for goods in cash, but how does cash flow in or flow out? W: Take it easy, Johnson. I believe you’ll make it clear, anyway. The statement of cash flows just shows the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a period of time. Cash inflows are referred to as the receipts in cash and cash outflows just tell the payments in cash made by a company. M: Why do we need to produce the statement? It is meaningless, I think. W: No. It is really meaningful to investors and creditors of the company, because they may want to know how much actual cash a company’s operations generate during a period and how that cash is used. Our teacher told us that it is the easiest to prepare of the three primary financial statements if we understand the cash flow items. They are classified according to only three main activities. M: What are the three main activities? W: Operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. M: Oh, I’ve got something about it. W: Operating activities are referred to as the day-to-day business of a company. The payment for the purchase of inventory and the payment of wages, taxes and interest are the examples. M: So investing activities are related to buying and selling some securities or bonds, that is, long-term assets on the balance sheet. W: Exactly. Financing activities are the transactions of the business with its owners and creditors. They will show the cash payment to or cash receipt from them. For example, cash received from owners’ investment, cash proceeds from a loan, or cash payments to repay loans would all be classified under financing activities. M: So what an accountant has to do is to examine every check and deposit slip he has written in the past year, and then classify them into three parts: operating, investing and financing. W: Excellent. You’ve made great progress. You can get it, I believe. M: A little. I have to make judgment in deciding which part some items go into when I prepare a statement of cash flows. W: Don’t worry. You’ll know more while you have more practice. M: Thanks a lot, Susan. I owe you one. W: You’re welcome. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard. 1. What is Johnson’s homework? His homework is to give an interpretation on the statement of cash flows. 2. Which of the three financial statements is the easiest to prepare? The statement of cash flows. 3. What is the function of the statement of cash flows? To indicate how much cash is generated and how much is used by a company. 4. What are the three main activities related to cash flows of a business? Operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. 5. What is usually sorted into the part of operating activities? The payment for the purchase of inventory and the payment of wages, taxes and interest. Task 3 Filling in the Blanks Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with what you’ve heard. The income statement tells us the net income, that is, a company’s economic performance,

　　译文

　　女：你好，约翰逊。你在忙什么? 男：你好，苏珊。我正在看一份现金流量表。这是我的作业。明天我要解释这份报表，可我根本看不懂。女：现金流量表?我看看。男：给你。我知道损益表会告诉我们净收入，这表明公司的经营业绩。但现金流量表是什么呢?现金能够像水那样流进流出吗?我们常常付现金购物，可现金怎么流进流出呢? 女：别着急。约翰逊。我相信你肯定能够弄清楚的。现金流量表只是告诉我们公司在一段时间内现金流进流出的状况。现金流入指收入，现金流出表示公司的现金支出。男：为什么要编制这种报表呢?我认为没有仸何意义。女：不是没意义。对于公司的投资人和债权人来说，意义可真是大着呢，因为他们要了解公司在某一时段的经营中实际获得的现金数额和实际花费了多少现金。我的老师说在三个主要财务报表中，如果我们弄懂了现金流动的账目要素，现金流动表是最容易编制的。这些账项按照三项公司活动进行分类。男：哪三项公司活动? 女：经营活动、投资活动和融资活动。男：哦。我有点明白了。女：经营活动是指公司日常业务部分，如支付购买库存的费用和支付工资、税款和利息的费用等。男：所以投资活动就是与买卖某些证券或债券有关的业务活动，即资产负债表上的长期资产类。女：对。融资活动是所有者或债权人与企业之间的交易。它们显示出是现金付款给所有者或债权人还是从他们那里收来现金。例如，从所有者那里收来的现金投资，贷款所得的现金款项或者用于还贷的现金支付等，都应归为融资活动。男：所以会计要做的是检查他前一年经手的所有支票和银行存款凭单，然后把他们分类为3 部分：经营类的、投资类的和融资类的。女：不错。你进步很快。我相信你能够弄清楚的。男：只是一点点。准备报表时，还要确定账项的类别呢。女：别担心。实践多了你就会懂得更多。男：太谢谢了，苏珊。我欠你一个人情女：你太客气了。

　　Scripts & Answers Hello, everyone. Let’s go on to study accounts. An account is a business document used to record and retain monetary information about a company’s transaction. Separate accounts are used for each type of asset, liability and capital. The company’s full set of accounts are kept in a general ledger and accounts are sometimes called general ledger accounts. An account may have different forms, but in every case the account will have a left side and a right side, which are called debit side and credit side respectively. A debit entry is an amount recorded on the left side of the account; a credit entry is an amount recorded on the right side of the account. It can be called “debited to” and “credited to” respectively. The debit and credit rule states that: 1. Accounts on the left side of the accounting equation (asset accounts) are increased by debit entries and decreased by credit entries. 2. Accounts on the right side of the accounting equation (liability and capital accounts) are increased by credit entries and decreased by debit entries. The balance of an account is the difference between the total increases and decreases recorded in the account. An asset account normally has a debit balance. Liability and capital accounts normally have credit balances. Revenue and expense accounts are called temporary or nominal accounts because they are closed at the end of every accounting period. On the other hand, balance sheet accounts are called permanent or real accounts because their balances are carried forward from one accounting period to the next. The double entry rule requires that when a transaction is recorded in the accounts, the total amount of the debit entries must always be equal to the total amount of the credit entries. As a result, in the general ledger, the total of the debit account balances must always be equal to the total of the credit account balances and the accounting equation will always be in balance.

　　译文

　　大家好。今天我们继续学习账户。账户是一种业务文件，用来记录或存留有关公司交易的货币信息。资产、负债和资本有独立的账户。公司全套账户保存在总账里，有时把账户称为总账户。每一个账户都可能有不同的格式，但是在每一个案例中，账户都有左边和右边，分别叫作借方和贷方。借方是记录到账户左边的金额，贷方是记录到账户右边的金额，分别叫借记和贷记。借记和贷记规则如下： 1. 会计等式左边的账户(资产账户)通过借项增加，贷项减少; 2. 会计等式右边的账户(负债和资本账户)通过贷项增加，借项减少。账户的余额是账户记录的增长和减少总数的差额。资产账户一般有借方余额。负债和资本账户一般有贷方余额。收入和支出账户被称为临时或名义账户，因为它们在会计期末会撤销。另一方面，资产负债表被称为永久或真实账户，因为其余额会从一个会计期承转到下一个会计期。复式记账规则要求当一笔交易记录到账户时，借方的总额必须总是与贷方的总额相等。其结果是，在总账中，借方账户余额必须总是与贷方账户余额相等，会计等式总是保持平衡。

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