比较级和最高级的用法和构成

时间:2024-08-19 04:12:45 英语词汇 我要投稿
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比较级和最高级的用法和构成

  表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。下面是小编整理的比较级和最高级的用法,希望能帮到大家!

  1.原级的构成和用法

  1)构成:形容词、副词的`原级形式是形容词、副词的原形.

  2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构.例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.

  2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法

  1)比较级和最高级的构成:

  ①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”.例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest

  ②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest

  ③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest

  ④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”.例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest

  ⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most.例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully

  ⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级.例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased.

  ⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:

  crueler cruelest oftener oftenest

  cruel{ often{

  more cruel most cruel more often most often

  stricter strictest friendlier friendliest

  strict{ friendly{

  more strict most strict more friendly most friendly

  ⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least

  farther farthest

  far{

  further furthest

  old elder/older eldest/oldest

  2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:

  older oldest

  old{

  elder eldest

  elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用.例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).

  farther farthest

  far {

  further furthest

  further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思.例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论.Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动.

  later latest

  late{

  latter last

  later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用.例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).

  注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”.例如:the latter half of the month下半月.latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“最后的”.例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一个月.

  A more和most的用法相当自由:

  You should ride more.

  你必须多骑马.

  I use this room most.

  这个房间我用得最多.

  但当much是原级时,使用范围较小.

  B much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:

  He doesn’t ride much nowadays.

  现在他不太骑马了.

  在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用.在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:

  How much has he ridden?

  他骑马多吗?

  Has he ridden a lot/much?

  他近来常骑马吗?

  在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的.在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:

  He shouts so much that…

  他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……

  I talk too much.

  我说得太多了.

  但是说:

  He rides a lot/a great deal.

  他常骑马.

  C very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛.

  常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:

  Thank you very much.

  非常感谢你.

  They admired him very much.

  他们很钦佩他.

  She objects very much to the noise they make.

  她非常反对他们弄出的噪音.

  much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的`),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的).

  He was(very) much admired.

  他很受人钦佩.

  She was (very) much impressed by their good manners.

  他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响.

  D much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:

  much better好多了

  much the best最最好

  much more quickly快多了

  much too可与形容词的原级连用:

  He spoke much too fast.

  他说话说得太快了.

  E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思.主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:

  He was most apologetic.

  他已表示十分的歉意了.

  She behaved most generously.

  她的行为非常慷慨大度.

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