- 高考英语真题北京卷 推荐度：
- 相关推荐
2024年北京高考英语真题
北京是2024年高考自主命题的省市之一，下面是小编整理的2024年北京高考英语真题，欢迎大家阅读!
北京高考英语真题 1
单选题 本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分。在每小题给出的4个选项中，有且只有一项是符合题目要求。
21.Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred.
AworksBhas workedCwas workingDwould work
分值: 1分
22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
AwhoseBwhyCwhereDwhich
分值: 1分
23.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We here for more than two hours.
AwaitedBwaitCwould be waitingDhave been waiting
分值: 1分
24.Your support is important to our work. You can do helps.
AHoweverBWhoeverCWhateverDWherever
分值: 1分
25.I half of the English novel,and I，ll try to finish it at the weekend.
AreadBhave readCam readingDwill read
分值: 1分
26. it easier to get in touch with us, you，d better keep this card at hand.
AMadeBMakeCMakingDTo make
分值: 1分
27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he，s in his nineties.
Aas long asBas ifCeven thoughDin case
分值: 1分
28.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
AOrderingBTo orderCHaving orderedDOrdered
分值: 1分
29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely dust.
AwhatBthatCwhetherDwhy
分值: 1分
30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ success in the end.
ArewardedBwere rewardedCwill rewardDwill be rewarded
分值: 1分
31. I love the weekend, because I_____ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
Aneedn’tBmustn’tCwouldn’tDshouldn’t
分值: 1分
32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _______ the old town into a dreamland.
AturnBturningCto turnDturned
分值: 1分
33. I really enjoy listening to music ___ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
AbecauseBbeforeCunlessDuntil
分值: 1分
34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ___ me, I could have helped.
AtoldBhad toldCwere to tellDwould tell
分值: 1分
35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
AsoBandCforDbut
分值: 1分
完型填空 本大题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分。
阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项 涂黑。
A Race Against Death
It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch _ a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be _ if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. _ , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s _ was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the _ roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet.
_ January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were _ . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) _ . They would have the medicine sent by _ from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would _ it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. _ he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31， a musher named Seppala had to _ a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most _ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would _ ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his _ .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to _ the trail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, _ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to _ .He had foung the trail
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog _ in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd.
Nome had been _ .
36.
AexaminedBwarnedCinterviewedDcured
37.
AharmlessBhelplessCfearlessDcareless
38.
AMoreoverBThereforeCOtherwiseDHowever
39.
AairportBstationCharborDborder
40.
AnarrowBsnowyCbusyDdirty
41.
AFromBOnCByDAfter
42.
AtiredBupsetCpaleDsick
43.
AplanBexcuseCmessageDtopic
44.
AairBrailCseaDroad
45.
AcarryBreturnCmailDgive
46.
AThoughBSinceCWhenDIf
47.
AenterBmoveCvisitDcross
48.
AshamefulBboringCdangerousDfoolish
49.
AescapeBbleedCswimDdie
50.
AmemoryBexitCwayDdestination
51.
AfindBfixCpassDchange
52.
ApretendingBtryingCaskingDlearning
53.
ArunBleaveCbiteDplay
54.
AgatheredBstayedCcampedDarrived
55.
AcontrolledBsavedCfoundedDdeveloped
分值: 30分
阅读理解 本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分。阅读短文，完成下列小题。
阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
A
Dear Alfred，
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
56. why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?
AShe had learned enough about computer science
BShe had more difficulty keeping foucesed
CShe preferred taking online courses
DShe was too slow to learn
57. AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.
A.working by herself
Bdealing with the public
Ccompeting against others
Dstaying with ADHD students
58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.
Aexplain why she was interested in the computer
Bshare the ideas she had for her profession
C.show how grateful she was to the center
Ddescribe the courses she had taken so far
分值: 6分
阅读理解 本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分。阅读短文，完成下列小题。
18
B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. 学科&网
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to halp. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
Asome friends had lost their lives
Bher neighborhood was destroyed
Cher school had moved to Brooklyn
Dthe elderly were free from suffering
60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
AThe people helping Rockaway rebuild
BThe people trapped in high_rise building
CThe volunteers donating money to suevivors
DLocal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61.How did Natalie help the survivors?
AShe gave her toys to the kids
BShe took care of younger children
CShe called on the White House to help
DShe built an information sharing platform
62.What does the story intend to tell us?
ALittle people can make a big difference
BA friend in need is a friend indeed
CEast or West,home is best
DTechnology is power
分值: 8分
阅读理解 本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分。阅读短文，完成下列小题。
19
C
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”
63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .
Aare active at night
Bhad to be bred in the wild
Care found on in California
Dalmost died out in the 1980s
64. Researchers have found electrical lines are .
Ablocking condors’ journey home
Bbig killers of Califorbnia condoras
Crest places for condors at night
Dused to keep condors away
65.According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning .
Amakes condors too nervous to fly
Bhas little effect on condors’ kidneys
Ccan hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood
Dmakes it different for condors to produce baby birds
66.The passage shows that .
Athe average survival time of condors is satisfactory
BRideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
Cthe efforts to protect condors bave brought good results
Dresearchers have found the final answers to the problem
分值: 8分
阅读理解 本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分。阅读短文，完成下列小题。
20
D
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bothe intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning. 学科&网
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
ASympatheticBDisapprovingCSupportiveDNeutral
68.The underlined word “passage” in Paraghaph 2 means .
AchangeBchoiceCtextDextension
69.According to the anthor ,what role should college play?
Ato develop a shared identity among students
Bto define and regulate students’ social behavior
CTo provide a safe world without tension for students
DTo foster students’ intellectual and personal development
70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
ABCD
分值: 8分
补全信息 本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。把答案填写在题中横线上。
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. _ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. _ As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. _
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. _ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.
_ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
AIt all depends on your character.
BThose are the risks you should jump to take.
CBeing better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
DThus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
EThis is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
FHowever, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
分值: 10分
书面表达 本大题共15分。
76.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的'邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1)该人物是谁;
2)该人物的主要贡献;
3)该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1)词数不少于50;
2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
分值: 15分
书面表达 本大题共20分。
77.假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：地球日Earth Day
分值: 20分
北京高考英语真题 2
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!
After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.
When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.
Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.
But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”
“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.
The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.
1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier
2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat
3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read
4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing
5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in
6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning
7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution
8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead
9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict
10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence
第二节(共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的'A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
?You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
?You have completed your high school studies.
?You have at least one year of work experience.
?You have strong public speaking skills.
?You are self-motivated and committed.
?You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
?You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
?You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C#FormatImgID_1# Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A. draw a comparison
B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a problem
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A#FormatImgID_2# Climate change has been forgotten.
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled#FormatImgID_3# ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A#FormatImgID_4# Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
40. How are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)活动形式;
(2)活动内容。
注意：(1)词数100左右;
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，Li Hua
【北京高考英语真题】相关文章：
2016年北京高考英语阅读理解真题01-21
2016年高考英语真题北京卷03-10
2015北京高考英语听力真题「完整版」03-10
英语阅读理解高考真题05-23
高考英语阅读表达真题03-18
高考英语阅读理解真题03-20
湖南高考英语听力真题03-24
高考英语真题全国卷03-24
历年高考英语阅读理解真题03-19