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2017年职称英语考试理工类B阅读判断练习题
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，yjbys网小编为大家提供了相应的练习题，以下是2017年职称英语考试理工类B阅读判断练习题，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。【2017职称英语考试时间】
El Nino (厄尔尼诺现象)
While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E1 Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later E1 Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare. a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said "itsuggestsE1 Nino is indeed predictable."
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods."said Weare. He added that the new methodmakes it possible to predict E1 Nino at long lead times. Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance. The 1997 E1 Nino, for example, caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 E1 Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.
When E1 Nino hit in 1991 and 1997,200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major E1 Nino events in the next two years,although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4. Weare's contribution in predicting E1 Ninowas highly praised by other meteorologists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6. It takes about eight months for E1 Nino to reach its peak.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案与解析：
1. B。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者使用的方法可以提前几个月预测厄尔尼诺现象。利用句子中的特征词Columbia University researchers和a few months in advance作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：“While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E 1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E l Nino events up to two years in advance.”问题句说“提前几个月”，而原文说“最远能提前到两年”，因此可见问题句的内容中有与原文不一致的地方，因此判断该句“不正确”。
2. A。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者研究了过去厄尔尼诺的发生与海平面温度的关系。利用句子中的特征词El Nino occurrences和sea.surface temperatures作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：“Using a computer the researchers matched sea.surface temperatures to later E1 Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000…”该句的含义基本上与问题句的内容一致，还需要对信息1进行判断：辨别the researchers是否就是“The Columbia University researchers”，而前文中出现的就是“The Columbia University researchers”，因此判断信息1和信息2的内容都在原文中有呼应的内容，因此判断该句的说法正确。
3. C。题干：哥伦比亚大学的研究者首先将海平面温度与过去厄尔尼诺的发生联系起来。题干中出现的特征词(the first)是判断该句正误的关键。利用该词作为答案线索，发现文章中没有出现这个词。因为该旬是概括总结句，因此再利用句子出现的核心结构sea—surface temperatures和the past El Nino occurrences作为答案线索，发现涉及这两个结构的句子所表达的句意都与问题句的内容无关，因此判断问题句的说法为“未提及”。
4. C。题干：Weare在预测厄尔尼诺方面的贡献受到其他气象学家的大力称赞。利用句子中出现的特征词Weare作为答案线索，发现答案相关句都没有讲述是否Weare在预测厄尔尼诺现象方面做出了贡献，也没有提到他的贡献是否得到了其他气象学家的高度赞扬。
5. B。题干：根据中国的报告，1991年和1997年因为厄尔尼诺引起的洪灾危及2亿人。将句子中出现的特征词Chinese report，in 1991 and l997和200 million Chinese people作为答案线索，发现答案相关句：“When El Nino hit in l991 and 1997.200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone，according to a 2002 United Nations report.”由该句可知 是根据联合国的报告而非中国的报告，故该句的内容与问题句的内容不一致。
6. A。题干：厄尔尼诺达到其峰值需要八个月的时间。该问题句内容和结构都较简单，句子中出现了一个数字(八个月)，因此猜测对这个数字的辨别是解题的关键。借助eight months和句子中的核心词peak作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：“El Nino tends todevelop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.”借助该句含义可以推出El Nino需要大约八个月达到峰值。
7. C。题干：美国建立了一所特别的研究院来研究厄尔尼诺现象。利用句子中出现的核心词A special institute和America作为答案线索，发现文章中根本就没有提到“在美国建立一所特别的研究院”，因此该句为“原文未提及”。
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