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2016年职称英语考试理工类B级预测题(含答案)
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第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. They set this standard to test the people' capabilities four years ago.
A. power
B. strengths
C. possibilities
D. abilities
2. Our discussion should be related to the topic on environmental protection.
A. be relied on
B. be afraid of
C. be connected with
D. be excited at
3. The number of potential users is enormous and we should pay more attention to it.
A. immense
B. normal
C. strange
D. little
4. He discovered that his hometown has changed a lot in the past five years.
A. realized
B. found
C. recognized
D. heard
5. John removed his overcoat because it was so hot here.
A. took away
B. left aside
C. took off
D. washed off
6. The parents are worried about the abnormal behavior of their baby.
A. bad
B. frightening
C. repeated
D. unusual
7. In fact, all of these devices are designed by him in his spare time.
A. finally
B. really
C. actually
D. usually
8. We have diverse ways to solve the problem and shouldn't give up the hope.
A. colorful
B. attractive
C. flexible
D. various
9. It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get older.
A. notice
B. watch
C. follow
D. celebrate
10. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
A. held
B. increased
C. expected
D. offered
11. We have to act within the existing legal framework.
A. limit
B. procedure
C. status
D. system
12. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.
A. spend
B. take
C. stand
D. last
13. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A. give
B. attach
C. understand
D. lose
14. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?
A. explain
B. examine
C. choose
D. expand
15. The small town has been virtually unchanged in the last ten years.
A. totally
B. absolutely
C. almost
D. gently
第2部分：阅读判断(第16——22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no answer for the fact has yet been found. Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans. How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble, and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The salt of the earth's surface is constantly being dissolved (溶解) and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans, if all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator (赤道)!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes, from salt springs (源泉) and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration (浓度) of salt in seawater ranges from about three per cent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of about 340 square miles, contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt!
On the average, a gallon (加仑) of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally formed by the evaporation (蒸发) of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of the volume of seawater had been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual method is to drill wells (井) down to the salt beds. Pure "water is pumped down (抽进去) through a pipe. The water dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
16 We have not fully understood how salt got into the ocean.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The author is sure that the dissolved salt from the earth's surface is the only source of the huge quantity of salt found in oceans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentionedmda.com
18 If all the oceans were dried up, the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The percentage of salt content in the Red Sea is higher than that in the Dead Sea.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 After evaporation, about ten percent of seawater becomes rock salt.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Most commercial salt is obtained from seawater.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.
Early Ideas about the Universe
1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars.{来源：考{试大}
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you notice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was. That's why early man believed that the earth was small and fiat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky, it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many centuries, men believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it.
1 Paragraph 2 .
2 Paragraph 3 .
3 Paragraph 4 .
4 Paragraph 5 .
A Early Ideas about the Sky and the Stars
B The Importance of the Sun to Life on Earth
C Primitive Knowledge of the Moon
D The Sun in Autumn and Winter
E Early Ideas about the Earth
F Collecting Evidence about the Sun
5 Early man thought the earth was small and flat because .
6 Primitive man believed the sun was a god because .
7 Early man thought the earth was the center of the universe because .
8 Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because
A he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B he could not see its curve
C the sun, the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D the earth circles around the sun
E it looked like that at night
F it has power over life on earth
第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
TapeStore: A New Tape Storage System
TapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer tapes. No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The tapes look exactly like video cassettes. Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes (字节) of data. If you stored the same amount of information on paper, you would "need nearly 4.5 billion printed pages.
The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm. The machine is 2.5 metres high and 3.0 metres wide. This is how it works. Each tape has a code printed on it. You feed the code number into TapeStore, which then looks for the code. As soon as TapeStore locates the code, the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.
The system is very fast. It takes the mechanical arm about 10 seconds to find the tape it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract (提取) the required file, and this takes less than a minute. A human technician would have to locate and remove the tape by hand, and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.
Some of the world's biggest companies, including banks, insurance companies, airlines, telephone companies, utilities and computer centres, have bought the system.
They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data.
TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide. In Europe alone, 750 have already been installed at a cost of 480,000 dollars each.
1 TapeStore is better than any other storage system because
A it can store more video cassettes.
B itis extremely small.
C it stores more tapes.
D it stores data files on the same tape.
2 The mechanical arm finds a tape by
A recording the file name on the tape.
B identifying the printed code on the tape
C looking for its file name.
D searching for the tape number.
3 The TapeStore system is popular among big companies mainly because
A it costs less than a skilled worker.
B it looks impressive.
C the information it stores is valuable.
D it ensures the safety of their data.
4 Which of the following statements about TapeStore is NOT true?
A It can store a large amount of information.
B It is very cheap.
C It is very fast.
D It is secure.
5 The word "marketed' in the last paragraph can be replaced by
A installed.
B used.
C promoted.
D designed.
第二篇
The Cherokee Nation
Long before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible - there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint (在枪口的威胁下) into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
6 The Cherokees used to live
A by the roadside.
B in the southeastern part of the US.
C beyond the Mississippi River.
D in the western territory.
7 Which of the following statements about Sequoyah is NOT true?
A He was imaginative.
B He was an Indian.
C He was a white man.
D He wrote down the spoken Cherokee language.
8 A law was passed in 1830 to
A allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B stop the Cherokees using their own language.
C force the Cherokees to move westward.
D forbid the Cherokees to print their own newspaper.
9 The Cherokees went to their new lands
A in carts.
B on horseback.
C on foot.
D all of the above.
10 The word "exhausted' in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A worn out.
B ended up.
C run out.
D finished up.
第三篇
Pool Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. A report says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager (呼机). In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers' trajectories (轨迹). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool.
It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software's "pre-alert" (预先警戒) list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures (使模糊) the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork (时钟装置) radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools - and he was once an underwater escapologist (脱身杂技演员) with a circus (马戏团). "1 say full marks to them if this works and can save lives," he says.
11 AI means the same as
A an image.
B an idea.
C anything immobile.
D artificial intelligence
12 To save a life, AI software must be able to
A descend in the water.
B videotape every movement.
C distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow
D save a life within a few months.
13 How does Poseidon save a life?
A It orders an underwater robot to rescue the drowning swimmer.
B It alerts the lifeguard.
C It displays the swimmer's shadow on the screen.
D It watches the pool through dozens of overhead cameras.
14 Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true?
A He owns a swimming pool.
B He invented the clockwork radio.
C He was once an entertainer.
D He runs a company.
15 How does Baylis look at the Poseidon system?
A He thinks it is too expensive.
B He thinks it is a good system.
C He thinks it is not efficient enough.
D He thinks it is as good as the British pool Watch system.
第5部分：补全短文(第46——50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Garlic
From early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.
A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.
Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.
Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not strong at all.
A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much
B As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.
C They say it may help in one way, though.
D Many people eat garlic.
E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.
F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.
第6部分：完形填空(第51——65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system will _____(1) a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System (GPS), operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros in funding and will _____(2) with technical, manufacturing and market development.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation will be set _____(3) at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help _____(4) the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere with the US with _____(5) to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded (无根据的) and counter that US opposition is caused by the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be _____(6) to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation (卫星集群) will consist of 27 operational and three reserve satellites _____(7) the Earth at an altitude of 23,600 kin. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination (倾斜)_____(8) the equator (赤道) and will provide global coverage. The system should be _____(9) by 2008 and the entire project is expected to cost around 3.2 billion Euros……
The European Commission has said Galileo will _____(10) be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring.
Galileo will provide two _____(11); a standard civilian one and an encrypted (把……编码), wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is _____(12) to endure localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe.
The first Galileo satellite is _____(13) to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board the satellites will be synchronized (同步) through 20 ground sensors (传感器) stations, two command centers and 15 uplink (上传) stations.
Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their _____(14). A =search and rescue" function will also let distress signals be _____(15) through the constellation of satellites.
1 A set B represent C offer D indicate
2 A cooperate B install C prevent D protect
3 A off B with C in D up
4 A broadcast B launch C put D use
5 A ability B service C system D channel
6 A open B likely C different D precise
7 A getting B considering C orbiting D improving
8 A to B in C along D beside
9 A operational B complex C advanced D cheap
10 A correctly B ironically C strangely D primarily
11 A channels B signals C directions D functions
12 A brought B taken C designed D protected
13 A told B scheduled C considered D allowed
14 A quality B colour C weight D location
15 A set B responded C transmitted D converted
参考答案
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C
6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.B
11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.C
16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A
21. A 22. B
23. F 24. B 25. E 26. A 27. B
28. F 29. C 30. E
31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. C
36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. A
41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. B
46. F 47. C 48. E 49. A 50. B
51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. A
56. D 57. C 58. A 59. A 60. D
61. B 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C
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