2016年职称英语理工类A级全真预测题
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一、下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、 Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that scienee has a very strong influenceon the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists'.
A.motivation
B.perspective
C.impression
D.impact
2、 Poor health and lack of money may both be to educational progress roadblocks.
A.restraints
B.stains
C.scarcities
D.barriers
3、 Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.
A.pull out
B.repair
C.takes
D.dig
4、 Many of Carson McCuller's characters are isolated, disappointed people.
A.solitary
B.gloomy
C.feeble
D.frugal
5、 In 1816 it seemed inevitable that Southern states would break away'from the Union.
A.strange
B.certain
C.inconsistent
D.proper
6、 Beef is an excellent material of iron.
A.beginning
B.storage
C.source
D.substance
7、 Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.
A.sympathy
B.regret
C.wishfulness
D.sorrow
8、"I am not meddlihg. " Mary said mildly," I'm just curious. "
A.gently
B.shyly
C.weakly
D.sweetly
9、 The workers finally called off the strikes.
A.put off
B.ended
C.cancelled
D.participated in
10、 A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully_ tiring.
A.predictably
B.noticeably
C.terribly
D.unfortunately
11、 She could not formulate her. ideas in a few words.
A.state
B.argue
C.invent
D.announce
12、Since I have been ill,my appetite has diminished.
A.desire for exercise
B.desire for visitors
C.desire for sleep
D.desire for food
13、 The bricklayer is working on the house.
A.mason
B.electrician
C.plumber
D.carpenter
14、 The firemen were unable to control the blaze.
A.flower
B.blow
C.flame
D.stroke
15、 Do not waste time on insignificant points.
A.interesting
B.dull
C.unimportant
D.boring
二、下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
16、根据材料，回答16-22题。
The Cold Places
The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.
Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading--125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero~ Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.
One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature--the killing chili of far North and the polar South.
To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not ever for a moment can they be unprotected 'against the below-zero temperatures.
Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coatsand furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.
What albout animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic andin Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.
Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case.
Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have much like our own.
Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.
The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17、 Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18、 The Arctic and Antarctica are no man's lands because of their notorious coldness.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19、 Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20、 Despite the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21、 As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today,so has the Arctic:
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22、 At one time, the weaiher in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
三、下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
23、根据材料，回答23-30题。
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain
and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a" calorimeter"(热量测量室)s one way to find out.
1 The signs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads" Please do not enter--work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2 Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help With her training and fitness programme. As a self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3 The experiment on Nicola involved her'spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on. everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine, timed to the last second.
At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysts.
4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room."The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板)
for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.
5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
Paragraph 1
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiment?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
24、 Paragraph 2
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiment?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
25、 Paragraph 3
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiment?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
26、 Paragraph 4
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiment?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
27、 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
28、 Nicola Waiters had time for the experiments
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
29、 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
30、 The experiments show that high-fat diets
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
四、下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、根据材料，回答31-45题。
The Gene Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶) in the automobile to monitor exhausts and send data on pollution to a microprocessor(微处理机) that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metal-hungry microbes(渴望吃金属的微生物)that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent newlifeforms.
Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientifiC.rivalry in the entire biotechnological(生物工艺学) field. They create images not of oil spills, but of "microbe spills'" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the fOod problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the joB.requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race"? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetiC.weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetiC.forecasting to pre-el!minate "unfit" babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a "savings bank" full of spare kidneys, livers or hands?
Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientifiC.community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetiC.engineering,Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? "Broad scale genetiC.engineering will probably be introduced to _America much the same way as assembly lines, auto-mobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies.. As each new genetiC.advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created. "
According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by
A.using mtal-hungry microbes
B.making use of enzymes
C.adjusting the engine
D.patenting new lifeforms
32、 According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?
A.The unanticipated explosion of population.
B.The creation of biological solar cells.
C.The accidental spill of oil.
D.The unexpected release" of destructive microbes.
33、 Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?
A.Developing a "gavings bank" of one's organs.
B.Breeding soldiers for a war.
C.Prodqcing people with cow-like stomachs.
D.Using genetiC.forecasting to cure diseases.
34、 According to the passage, Hitler attempted to
A.changed the pilots biologically to win the war
B.develop genetiC.farming for foodsu.ppiy
C.kill the people he thought ofas inferior
D.encourage the development of genetiC.weapons for the war
35、 What dose Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard's statement imply?
A.The commercial applications of genetiC.engineering are inewtable.
B.America will depend on other countries for biological progress.
C.Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetiC.technologies.
D.The potential application of each new genetiC.advance should be controlled.
36、根据材料，回答36-50题。
Tightened Visa Regulations
According to South Korea's new visa regulations, native speakers of English in South Koreawill be required to undergo criminal record checks, medical and drug tests, provide sealed aca-demic transcripts (成绩单)and have their university diplomas inspected, The Korea Times hasre ported. The tightened regulations will affect an estimated 17,000 foreigners that hold E-2 visas specifically for foreign language teachers.
The most controversial requirement is that English teachers residing (居住) outside South Korea will have to have an interview at a South Korean Embassy before taking up their teaching posts. For applicants living in remote areas in Canada, Australia or the US, this is an additional travel burden. Meanwhile, foreign teachers currently living in South Korea must leave the country after their one-year contracts and renew their visas by visiting a neighboring country and return
without additional documentation (文件证据).
The visa changes are a reaction to public concern about the suitability of some foreign teachers. A report from the South Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development shows between 2001 and August of this year, 1,481 foreign language teachers have been caught for a range of offenses including forged (伪造的) degrees, visa violations and general lawbreaking.
But the changes are likely to slow up the supply of teachers to South Korea's English language education sector. According to Michael Duffy, manager of a teacher placement service in South Korea, applicants have to spend a few hundred dollars and several months on getting affidavits (书面陈述书) for documents. "South Korea has put up too many hoops (圈) to jump through," he said, adding that foreigners would seek work elsewhere. Most foreigners wonder if the experiencd of working in South Korea will be worth the burden of the paper work and increashag restrictions. "I don't think (South) Korea bas thought this through. " Said Scott Mclnnis, a Canadian teacher based in Incheon near Seoul. "This is a reactionary move by the government that
will have strong implications for the EFL community. "
As part of the efforts to ease the discontent ( 不满), the South Korean Ministry of Justice has granted a three-month grace period for current E-2 visa holders to prepare the necessary documents.
Which of the following is NOT required of an E-2 visa applicant?
A.To pass a Korean language test.
B.To undergo a medical test.
C.To provide sealed school reports.
D.To undergo a drug test.
37、 It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that before the visa regulations were revised, foreign teachers have to
A.sign new contrarts if they Wanted to continue to work
B.go through any formalities if they wanted to stay a bit longer
C.visit a neighboring country if they wanted to renew their visas
D.interview a South Korean official if they wanted to apply for work permits
38、 The list of crimes many foreign language teachers committed between 2001 and August of this year did NOT include
A.visa violations
B.forged degrees
C.subversive activities
D.general lawbreaking
39、 The new visa policy aims at
A.protecting South Korea from terrorist at tackS.
B.improving foreign language teaching in South Korea.
C.providing more job opportunities for the South Korean people.
D.encouraging the South Korean people to learn the Chinese language.
40、 EFL in paragraph 4 is an abbreviation of
A.easily forgotten lovers
B.extremely fussy lawyers
C.exceptionally fast learners
D.English as a foreign language
41、根据材料，回答41-55题。
"Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Bio logical Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty
conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several
factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentra-tions of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorB.in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed .these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A.They are students at Sussex University.
B.They are rice breeders.
C.They are husband and wife.
D.They are colleagues'at an institution of higher learning.
42、 Flowers and Yeo have started a program
A.to find ways to prevent water pollution
B.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil
C.to breed rice plants that taste salty
D.to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil
43、 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B.The water table has gone down .after droughts.
C.Sea level has been continuously rising.
D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
44、 The word "affect" in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A."influence"
B. "effect"
C. "stop"
D."present"
45、 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A.positive
B.negative
C.suspicious
D.indifferent
五、下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
46、根据材料，回答46-50题。
Stop Spam
When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues._________(46) If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spare, the problem will certainly get much worse. _________ (47) As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spare each time?
_________.(48) Many spare e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire
network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spare frequently causes failures in their local communications networks. _________ (49)Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their nOt works. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam.
_________ (50) E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate, but spam is destroying this convenience.
回答(46)题
A.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly。
B.This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C.But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of adver-tisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D.Spammers should be fined, and perhaps Sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E.And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F.Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
47、 回答(47)题
A.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly。
B.This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C.But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of adver-tisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D.Spammers should be fined, and perhaps Sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E.And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F.Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
48、 回答(48)题
A.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly。
B.This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C.But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of adver-tisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D.Spammers should be fined, and perhaps Sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E.And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F.Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
49、 回答(49)题
A.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly。
B.This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C.But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of adver-tisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D.Spammers should be fined, and perhaps Sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E.And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F.Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
50、 回答(50)题
A.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly。
B.This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C.But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of adver-tisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D.Spammers should be fined, and perhaps Sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E.And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F.Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
六、下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。
51、根据材料，回答51-65题。
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters.
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to________ (51 )people frequently. But these fish perform a ________ (52 )service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their________ (53). Some sharks are at ________ (54) of disappearing from earth.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas________ (55 ) their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,________ (56)people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans.
They are thought to mistake a person________ ( 57 ) a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the________.(58 )when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and ________ (59)produced by animals. These powerful________ (60) help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any________ ( 61 ) sharks ,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense and immune systems________ .(62) disease. Researchers know that sharks ________ (63)quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's________.(64). They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too________ (65). This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
回答(51)题
A.attack
B.meet
C.love
D.visit
52、回答(52)题
A.terrible
B.eatable
C.valuable
D.possible
53、 回答(53)题
A.source
B.existence
C.friends
D.fish
54、 回答(54)题
A.frequency
B.treatment
C.diagnosis
D.risk
55、 回答(55)题
A.because
B.since
C.because of
D.by reason that
56、 回答(56)题
A.whose
B.which
C.that
D.where
57、 回答(57)题
A.to
B.for
C.like
D.with
58、 回答(58)题
A.times
B.places
C.seas
D.oceans
59、 回答(59)题
A.sciences
B.mathematics
C.chemicals
D.physics
60、 回答(60)题
A.feelings
B.senses
C.touches
D.tastes
61、 回答(61)题
A.those
B.these
C.another
D.other
62、 回答(62)题
A.against
B.for
C.agree
D.favor
63、 回答(63)题
A.recover
B.reform
C.return
D.rely
64、 回答(64)题
A.rivers
B.oceans
C.forests
D.mountions
65、 回答(65)题
A.weak
B.little
C.few
D.great
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