职称英语考试卫生类语法讲解

时间:2024-10-03 01:08:44 职称英语 我要投稿
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2017年职称英语考试卫生类语法讲解

  新的一轮职称英语考试开始备考啦,为了大家更好地复习职称英语,应届毕业生网职称英语栏目为大家准备整理了职称英语考试卫生类的语法讲解,希望对大家有用。

2017年职称英语考试卫生类语法讲解

  一、省略:

  1)省略是为了避免重复,保持语言简洁的一种语法手段。尤其是在口语中,省略是个普遍现象,例如:

  I have heard of the news. So have I.

  He didn't go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.

  想一下,为什么以上句子的应答部分要采用"倒装"形式?(见上一节"倒装")

  此外,此类省略形式的要注意的一个问题是:前后时态要一致。

  2)就职称考试而言,大家要特别注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的状语从句中的省略现象,比较:

  不省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.

  省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.

  (那个小男孩在穿越马路时被一辆摩托车严重撞伤。)

  不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.

  省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.

  (如果管理不当,灌溉也可能会造成损害。)

  从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则:

  只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式,省略时将从句的主语连同be动词(若有)一起省略;

  如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系,采用-ed形式;

  根据以上规则,确定以下题目的正确答案:

  If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a day's tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗个热水澡,一天的疲劳很快就会消失。)

  A.taking

  B.taken

  C.to take

  D.you take

  解题思路:由于该句主句的主语是"a day's tiredness",不可能发出"take a hot bath"的行为,故不能采用省略,答案应为D.

  在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等结构时,则省去 "it is", 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,这是习惯,例如:

  Take the medicine when necessary.

  注意:英语中一般不能说:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能说: Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient. (应说:Come when it is convenient to you.)

  3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:

  You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.

  (你已经是大学生了,应该知道什么该做,什么不该做。)

  The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.

  (火车半夜出发,但是目前我们还没有决定是否出行。)

  但是:why (not) do, 中间不用 "to" 连接,例如:

  Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干吗不去老师那儿请求帮助?)

  二、动词

  从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。

  1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;

  2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语;

  3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子:

  My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)

  My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。)

  第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me.

  第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".

  4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + " to ", 如上举例。

  请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的:

  A. She needs to see a doctor.

  B. She doesn't need to see a doctor.

  C. Does she need to see a doctor?

  D. She needs not see a doctor.

  E. She needn't see a doctor.

  F. She doesn't need see a doctor.

  G. She needs see a doctor.

  从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。

  5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。—— 表示强调)

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