2024年职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断（精选10篇）
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职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 1
第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的'是 正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请 选择C。
Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health
Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline (基线) eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology The reminder (提示) is part of the AAOs EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.
"Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a initical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. "
Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.
People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes (糖尿病) or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.
By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts (白内障) and glaucoma (青光眼) Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.
But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain and joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.
16. People with no signs of eye disease don’t need any eye exams.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Changes in vision cannot affect people’s lives.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. There’s a great shortage of eye doctors in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. High blood pressure is one of the risk factors for eye disease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Older people are at higher risk for vision loss or blindness.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21 Most Americans are worried about the risk of vision loss.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22 eigh gain and joint or back pain are big worries in Europe.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：
11A
12 D
13 D
14 D
15 C
16B
17 B
18C
19A
20 A
21B
22 C
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 2
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she Can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.
Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didn’t live long.Children sufferedfromlots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents.If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.
16 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Life was not easy for many children living 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案：
16 C 文章第一段虽然提到女性的寿命现在要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长一事。
17 B 文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的`原因。
18 A 文章第四段头一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了。
19 A 文章第四段提到，佝偻病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。
20 B 文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而非出于喜欢。
21 C 文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的：
22 A 从文章第四以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不易的。
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 3
Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
1. The Cherokee Nation used to live
A) on the American continent.
B) In the southeastern part of the US.
C) Beyond the Mississippi River.
D) In the western territory.
2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of
A) writing down the spoken language.
B) Making word pictures.
C) Teaching his people reading.
D) Printing their own newspaper.
3. A law was passed in 1830 to
A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.
C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.
D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.
4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.
A) they went in carts.
B) They went on horseback.
C) They marched on foot.
D) All of the above.
5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because
A) they were not willing to go there.
B) The government did not provide transportation
C) They did not have enough food and clothes.
D) The journey was long and boring.
KEY: BACDC
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 4
职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的`是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high--Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. People were always asking me when they could go, says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology out of San Bernardino, California. I realized that real market is in space tourism.
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be-space-tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: Space is the next exotic vacation spot.
This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satel- lite into orbit with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary already costs an astro- nomical $22,000/kg. And that doesnt t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to cornerthe space-tourism market have between them just enough money to blow up one rocket. The U. S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has fainted to do: design
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 5
Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.
The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. 2 “The average patient knows their cholesterol,”says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function.”
Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.
And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isnt widely known, s Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this months Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. 7
The link sounds logical. After alla , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond" those risk factors, stresses McCullough: Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls “a shockingly early age.” McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people—average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11; levels of the protein albumin in the urinei and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.
The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are expected, and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.
练习：
1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?
A. By cholesterol checks.
B. By urine and blood tests.
C. By keeping a close eye on ones kidneys.
D. By measuring the volume of urine output.
2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?
A. 1,9,000,000.
B. 400,000.
C. 50,000.
D. 37,000.
3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?
A. 400,000.
B. 300,000.
C. 200,000.
D. 100,000.
4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?
A. To examine their patients heart function carefully.
B. To have their patients chests X-ra Yed regularly.
C. To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening.
D. To start rigorously checking out their patients kidneys.
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?
A. Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.
B. Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.
C. The rate at which kidneys filter blood.
D. Whether one is anemic or not
答案与题解：
1.B 第二段第一、二句说到，加速慢性肾病的诊断所使用的方法就是尿检和血检，故B项为正确答案。
2.A 第三段第一句说。在估计患有慢性肾病的1，900万美国人呼叫很多人不知道自己患此病，可见A项是正确答案。
3.D 第三段最后一句说.终末期肾衰竭病人数日迅速增加，有40万人需要肾透析或肾移植才能存活.这个数字在近20年小每10年翻一番。按此计算，10年前应为20万人，20年前就应是10万人，故正确答案应为1)。
4.D 第四段最后一句说到，《内科档案》杂志号召为心脏病人治病的医生要开始严格地检查病人的肾脏，D项正是它要求做的`事情。
5.B 第五段倒数第二句列㈩了肾功能的三个标志物.选项C、A、D均包括在内，唯独没有B项，故B项是本题答案。
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 6
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged mall become an old man? Officially,of course.it’t when we reach retirement age.But，as we all know, this is a fairly blunt(生硬的)method of decision making.As life expectancy(预期寿命)increases，retirement planning needs to be changed.This is because being an old mail today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.
2 Sixty—five is the new middle-aged man.These days people are talking about the young—old，that is ages 70-75.and those over 75 as the old-old.The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with fiends and family, The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety，financial problems，loneliness，etc.but that’t really about all we know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact，most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.
23 Paragraph 1_____
24 Paragraph 2_____
25 Paragraph 3_____
26 Paragraph 4_____
A New Definitions of the Old Man
B Changing Concept of the Old Man
C Health of the old Man
D Happy Old Man And Sad Old Man
E Limited Knowledge of the OId Mall’s Experiences
F Contempt for the Old Man
27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_____
28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_____
29 More research should be done on the experiences of_____
30 Most old men consider themselves to be_____
A in good health
B in the past
C in the wrong
D the old man
E a middle-aged man
F a young man
答 案:
23 B 文章第一段主要讲的是，随着预期寿命的增加，“老年男人”的概念与以往相比已经发生了很大的变化。
24 A 文章第二段主要讲是对“老年男人”的概念重新进行了界定。
25 E 文章第三段主要讲的是，尽管男人的寿命较之过去延长了，而且我们也知晓老年男人会面临焦虑、孤独以及经济等问题，但相对而言，我们对老年男人的体验还是知之甚少的。
26 C 文章第四段主要讲老年男人的健康问题。
27 B 从文章的头两段可以得知，现在男人通常比过去更长寿。
28 E 文章第二段的头一句讲到，现如今男人65岁仍被视为中年人。
29 D 文章第三段讲人们对老年男人的.体验仍知之甚少，因此可以说这方面的研究还有待加强。
30 A 文章第四段中的第二句说，尽管大多数男人至少患有一种慢性病，但多数仍旧认为自己的健康状况良好。
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 7
Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.
The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(驯鹿)and wolves.
The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸). The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.
The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.
The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人) or modern humans. Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.
The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.
Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.
31.Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about
A.30 thousand years ago
B.20 thousand years ago
C.28 thousand years ago
D.15 thousand years ago
正确答案:D
32.The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that
A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area
B.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society
C.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans
D.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population
正确答案:B
33.Which is the most important discovery among the findings
A.A long elephant tusk.
B.Ancient stone tools.
C.123 bones from animals.
D.mammoth tusk covered with small cuts
正确答案:D
34.How old is the tusk? About years old
A.25 thousand
B.28 thousand
C.36 thousand
D.40 thousand
正确答案:C
35.What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment
A.the ability to do the unexpected
B.a high level of social development
C.thick clothes
D.small animals to feed on
正确答案:B
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 8
A proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.
A research of a US university that I’ve read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one’s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.
Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.
Happiness is a game balancing between two ends -- what one has and what one wishes for, i.e. one’s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.
1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness because
A.it is a profitable business.
B.it can improve a gardener’s ability to remake nature.
C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.
D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy
正确答案:D
2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when they
A.are at leisure.
B.take the job of gardening.
C.are after their goals.
D.own great properties.
正确答案:C
3.Why does the writer mention "a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers" (Lines 5 --6, Para. 3)?
A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.
B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.
C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.
D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain
正确答案:D
4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?
A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.
B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.
C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.
D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.
正确答案:B
5.What is happiness?
A.A transitory state of mind.
B.Getting everything what one desires.
C.An all-working and no-leisure life.
D.A desire based on our actual situation.
正确答案:D
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 9
Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bernardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic vacation spot."
This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit -with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary-already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg. And that doesn t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket." The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that s inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns a
are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Before the Russian space Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space motel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you re thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.
EXERCISE:
1. Mike Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
2. Kelly hoped to develop space tourism, which he thought would be a good market.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
3. Space Adventure in Arlington has taken 130 deposits totaling $98,000 for a two hour space tour.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
4. It sounds great that soon there will be space residence, although it is still a tentative plan.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
5. Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a lack of oxygen and life support equipment.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
6. Little guys, who do not have plenty of money but have great interest in space tourism, are trying to make the space travel less expensive but more reliable.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
7. We can infer from the context that the Michelin ratings can help people to find prices of hotels.
A） True B) False C) Not mentioned
Key: BABCBAA
职称英语卫生类B级考试真题及答案阅读判断 10
One of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine3. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV4 starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug does not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it.
International medical guidelines call for5 pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor countries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been Used al. one, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half.
The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine. This renders the drug less effective in later combinations for treating women after their baby is born. But the new study from Botswana shows that nevirapine can make a comeback for these women if they wait until the resistance subsides.
“The further out you get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine, the less detectable nevirapine resistance is6,” said Shahin Lockman of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston7. She says waiting period for women who get the single dose of nevirapine at delivery can be as short as six months. “If they started nevirapine-based treatment six or more months after nevirapine exposure, their treatment response8 was just as good, and really quite high, compared to women who did not have the single dose of nevirapine,” she added. “However, the women who started nevirapine-based treatment within six months of that nevirapine exposure were much more likely to experience treatment failure.”
The study published in the New England Journal oJ Medicine9 shows that waiting at least six months means that HIV-positive women are 70 percent more likely to benefit from nevirapine-based drug combinations again than women who get them sooner. An official with the U.S. government health agency that helped fund the study calls it very important.
I.ynne Mofenson is chief of research on child, adolescent, and maternal AIDS at the U. S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development10. She says the finding supports a World Health Organization (WHO)H recommendation restricting a single dose of nevirapine only to pregnant HIV-infected women who are healthy enough to wait six months after childbirth for more nevirapine-based therapy. Otherwise, they should get other drugs during labor. “It shows the importance of screening women for treatment while they are pregnant and putting them on appropriate therapy while they are pregnant to avoid having to start them too soon after they received preventive therapy,” she explained.
Shahin Lockman in Boston says the problem of nevirapine resistance should diminish now that12 more and more people are receiving combinations of AIDS drugs under expanded U. S. and international programs to deliver them to Africa and other regions hard hit by the virus.
练习：
1. What effect does nevirapine have?
A. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.
B. It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.
C. It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.
D. It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.
2. Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?
A. Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.
B. Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.
C. Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.
D. Because there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.
3. When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery ?
A. She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.
B. She may start nevirapine-based treatment within six months after her delivery.
C. She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.
D. She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.
4. We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine
A. lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.
B. will last forever in a woman who took nevirapine.
C. is a terrible drug that must be banned at once.
D. is a problem too difficult to be solved.
5. Generally speaking, the authors attitude towards the use of nevirapine is
A. negative
B. positive
C. uncertain
D. doubtful
答案与题解：
1.D 第一段第一句及第二段第二句均提到nevirapine可以防止母亲在分娩时将HIV病毒传染给新生儿的问题，故D项是正确答案。
2.C 第三段第一句说，即使单独使用nevirapine一次，HIV病毒也会很快产生对nevirapine的抗药性，原因就是没有其他药物可以杀死nevirapine还没有杀死的病毒颗粒，这正是C项的'内容。
3.C 第四段第二句说到，等待的时间最短可到六个月，第五段第一句又说，最少等待六个月的妇女，她们以nevirapine为主的药物综合治疗的疗效要比等待不足六个月的妇女高70%，可见C项“最少要等待六个月”是正确答案。
4.A 第一段第三句说到抗药性存在的时间并不长，第四段第二句又说等待的时间可以短至六个月，另外，文章的标题也说抗药性很快消失，可见A项是正确选项，其他各项文章均未提及。
5.B 第一段是文章的提要，最能说明作者观点，其中最后一句就明确提到，已经服用 nevirapine的已感染上HIV的母亲们不应该放弃服用这种能用得起的药物。而且通篇文章都在探讨如何更有效地利用此药物，因此作者对使用此药的态度应该是“积极的、肯定的”。
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