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2017中考英语知识点归纳
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名词
名词：专有名词和普通名词(个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词)
可数名词的单数变复数①一般情况加s ②以s, x sh ch,等结尾的词加-es bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 结尾的名词，无生命的加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos 有生命的es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes ④以f或fe 结尾的名词，去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves (加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs;)⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i，再加es baby---babies ⑥不规则：a. 单复数形式一样。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen
German---Germans women doctors
集体名词: People, police,(一般表示一个整体，谓用复数) class, family, glasses
不可数名词：
常见的不可数名词有：information, news, room (空间)， work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat
① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修饰不可数名词.
② 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
③ 如果用and连接两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Time and money are-
④ A cup\ glass \bottle \box \ kilo \ group \ crowd \ class \ pair of
Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of
名词所有格 在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1) 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加" 's "，如the boy's bag，men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day
2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：Teachers’ Day ladies’ room twenty minutes’ walk
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China
4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有";只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)
6) 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence
7)双重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s
冠词
冠词 a / an 的用法
a用于辅音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u”
Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while
an则用于元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”
keep an eye on
定冠词the的用法：
1)特指双方都明白的人或物： Give me the book.
2)上文提到过的人或事： ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.
3)指世上独一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very, same等前面：I live on the second floor.
6)用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.
7)用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前： She plays the piano \violin \ guitar in the north of China
8)用在普通名词构成专有名词前： the People's Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace
9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens are playing the piano.
10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), in the middle (of), in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole, by the way, go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain,
不用定冠词的情况
1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：China , Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋
2)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词;当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
3)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词; Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day
4)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词; He is captain of the team.
5)在三餐、四季，球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast /supper / lunch，play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter
6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship
7)Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town
部分词组有无冠词的区别
in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院里
in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----内部的前面
go to school 上学go to the school 到学校去
a number of = a lot of 许多，谓语动词用复数。
The number of ----的数目，----的总数， 谓语动词用单数(第三人称单数)
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